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31.
Chencen Guo Ting Li Chuankai Wang Yabo Wang Yongkui Zhang 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(10):1882-1890
Alkaline pectinase was one of the most effective enzymes to treat cotton as alternative agent to replace the conventional alkaline method. Removal of pectin and cutin was considered the explanation for improvement of wettability as well as water adsorption on cotton fiber. However, degradation kinetics of pectin is unclear, and the influence of fiber shape on property changes after enzymatic treatment was ignored. The main objective of this work was to reveal interactions between pectinase and cotton fiber for mechanism study. A heterogeneous catalysis kinetic equation, which is associated with Langmuir adsorption model and enzyme deactivation, was used to describe the heterogeneous catalysis. The enzymatic process conditions were optimized. Raw cotton fibers, pectinase-treated and alkali-treated fibers were characterized by impurities content determination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanism of water adsorption enhancement on treated fibers was discussed. In addition to elimination of the outer impurities, flat fibers with less twist and shape changes of lumen were also obtained to ensure better accessibility and water adsorption after enzymatic treatment. 相似文献
32.
Stephen AC Marklevitz Elizabete Almeida Joanna Flemming Jocelyne Hellou 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2008,8(2):92-97
Background, Aims and Scope
Our study determined if and when an avoidance or attraction behavioural response would be displayed by Ilyanassa obsoleta when presented with a choice between harbour and reference sediments. Our goal was to develop a non-lethal approach that could be used in future assessments of the environmental quality of field sediments. 相似文献33.
Jennifer Anne Davidson Rohan B. E. Kimber 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):99-110
Ascochyta blight causes significant yield loss in pulse crops worldwide. Integrated disease management is essential to take
advantage of cultivars with partial resistance to this disease. The most effective practices, established by decades of research,
use a combination of disease-free seed, destruction or avoidance of inoculum sources, manipulation of sowing dates, seed and
foliar fungicides, and cultivars with improved resistance. An understanding of the pathosystems and the inter-relationship
between host, pathogen and the environment is essential to be able to make correct decisions for disease control without compromising
the agronomic or economic ideal. For individual pathosystems, some components of the integrated management principles may
need to be given greater consideration than others. For instance, destruction of infested residue may be incompatible with
no or minimum tillage practices, or rotation intervals may need to be extended in environments that slow the speed of residue
decomposition. For ascochyta-susceptible chickpeas the use of disease-free seed, or seed treatments, is crucial as seed-borne
infection is highly effective as primary inoculum and epidemics develop rapidly from foci in favourable conditions. Implemented
fungicide strategies differ according to cultivar resistance and the control efficacy of fungicides, and the effectiveness
of genetic resistance varies according to seasonal conditions. Studies are being undertaken to develop advanced decision support
tools to assist growers in making more informed decisions regarding fungicide and agronomic practices for disease control. 相似文献
34.
Huimin Yang Murray Unkovich Ann McNeill Xianzhi Wang 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(4):377-385
Symbiotic N2 fixation by lucerne (Medicago sativa) has capacity to provide significant inputs of N to agro-ecosystems, and the species has also been shown to scavenge soil mineral N and thus act as a sink for excess reactive N. The balance between these two N cycle processes was investigated in an extensive irrigated lucerne growing region where nitrate contamination of groundwater has been reported. We sampled 18 permanent pure lucerne stands under irrigation for standing dry matter, total shoot N, and N2 fixation using 15N natural abundance along with activity of the inducible enzyme nitrate reductase as indicators of use of soil NO3− by lucerne. On average 65% of lucerne N was obtained from symbiotic N2 fixation. Converting standing dry matter estimates to annual N2 fixation amounts we calculated average N2 fixation of 311 kg N/ha, including N in roots and nodules. Uptake of N from soil by lucerne was calculated to be 181 kg N/ha/year. We were not able to identify the source of this soil mineral N, although nitrate reductase activity of lucerne was higher than that of non-N2 fixing species examined. 相似文献
35.
Triticum urartu is a wild diploid wheat identified as donor of the A genome in the durum and bread wheats. This species has its natural distribution
zone in the Fertile Crescent. Nine populations from this zone (five Lebanese and four Turkish) were analysed for the variation
in the loci coding of endosperm storage proteins: glutenins (Glu-A
u
1 and Glu-A
u
3) and gliadins (Gli-A
u
1 and Gli-A
u
2). Up to 10 alleles for the Glu-A
u
1 locus, 16 for the Glu-A
u
3 locus, 15 for the Gli-A
u
1 locus and 18 for the Gli-A
u
2 locus were found. The Turkish populations showed greater diversity than the Lebanese populations, distributing mainly within
populations, whereas the inverse process takes place for the Lebanese populations. The values of the genetic diversity indicated
that, although these materials showed high level of variability, exist a real risk of genetic erosion. 相似文献
36.
Catia Pereira Itziar Aurora Montalbán Olatz García-Mendiguren Tomás Goicoa Maria Dolores Ugarte Sandra Correia Jorge Manuel Canhoto Paloma Moncaleán 《Journal of Forest Research》2016,21(3):143-150
Pinus halepensis has been described as a drought-tolerant species with high plasticity to growth in different environments. Its eco-physiological characteristics could facilitate the use of this species in large afforestations in the future scenery of climate change. Somatic embryogenesis is a biotechnological tool with potential for large-scale clonal propagation. In order to establish an improved regeneration protocol for Pinus halepensis, the effects of different temperatures (18, 23, and 28 °C) and water availability conditions (2, 3, and 4 g L?1 Gelrite®), during initiation of embryonal masses on the rate of initiation, proliferation, maturation, and the number of embryos developed, were evaluated. It was found that environmental conditions during the initiation stage of Pinus halepensis somatic embryogenesis influence the success of initiation and proliferation. In contrast, there was no effect of these conditions on the maturation rates and the number of somatic embryos. Somatic embryos were obtained in all treatments tested, indicating that plants can be produced from extreme conditions of induction, such as high temperatures (28 °C) and low water availability conditions (4 g L?1). 相似文献
37.
38.
39.
E. A. Zharikova 《Eurasian Soil Science》2011,44(5):493-499
The volcanic soils of Kamchatka are characterized by low and very low values of their potential potassium buffer capacity. The largest amount of readily exchangeable potassium (-ΔK 0) is observed in the surface layers of the natural soils and is due to the active biogenic accumulation. The soddy horizons have a high content of strongly fixed potassium (K X ). The main factors determining the content of the labile potassium and its mobility are the contents of physical clay, humus, and exchangeable potassium. The extremely nonuniform distribution of all the potassium status parameters throughout the soil profile reflects the discrete character of the volcanic pedogenesis. The low values of the potential buffer capacity for the potassium (PBCK) at the high values of the equilibrium potassium potential (AR 0) and the medium content of the labile potassium in the light-textured synlithogenic soils simultaneously indicate both the good potassium supply of the plants and the incapability of the soils to resist potassium exhaustion under agricultural production conditions for a long time. 相似文献
40.