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Zweigelt grapes have recently become susceptible to infestation with Traubenwelke (grape wilting) and the susceptibility has been assumed to be related to potassium (K) deficiency. The aim of the studies was to determine the effects of foliar application of K on leaf K content, leaf gas exchange, and on infestation of grapes with Traubenwelke. Three foliar fertilizers of K (Agripotash, 27.4% K; Nutrileaf, 33.2% K; and KNO3, 38.7% K) and one of magnesium (Mg) (Agrovit Mg, 4.8% Mg) were tested on grapevines (Vitis vinifera, L. cv. ‘Zweigelt’) in field studies in 2003 and 2004. Foliar analysis showed that the tested foliar fertilizers had no effect on leaf K content in either year. Furthermore, the frequency of infestation with grape wilting was not reduced by K fertilizers. Measurements of leaf gas exchange in 2004 showed that all fertilizer treatments reduced photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) compared with the untreated control. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: The impact of acid-base balance on health is widely accepted. Here, we describe the potential renal acid load (PRAL) in the diet of healthy German children and adolescents. DESIGN: The Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study is an ongoing longitudinal (open cohort) study (start 1985) collecting detailed data on diet, growth, development and metabolism in infants, children and adolescents. SETTING: Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund. SUBJECTS: Seven hundred and twenty children and adolescents (351 boys and 369 girls), aged 3-18 years, provided 4187 yearly collected 3-day dietary records between 1995 and 2005. RESULTS: Mean daily PRAL was positive in all age/sex groups (6-21 mEq day-1), and significantly higher in boys than in girls after the age of 8 years, even when calculated as mEq MJ-1. Fruits, vegetables and potatoes had a negative impact on PRAL; cheese, dairy products, cereals/bread and meat/fish/eggs had a positive impact. In a mixed linear model, PRAL, expressed as mEq day-1 and mEq MJ-1, remained stable during the study period, since time trends of PRAL-relevant food groups countervail each other. PRAL intake (mEq MJ-1) was significantly positively associated (P < 0.0001) with fat intake (% of energy intake, %E), but negatively with carbohydrate intake (%E; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of dietary habits in our sample of German children and adolescents showed a moderate excess of acidity. Especially older boys should be encouraged to eat more potatoes and vegetables as good sources of dietary alkalinity. The PRAL concept is compatible with current concepts for a healthy diet. 相似文献
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Kaja Mathilde Aamodt Heltorp Annika Kangas Hans Fredrik Hoen 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2018,33(3):278-290
To study whether, why, and how forestry decision-makers in Southeastern Norway adapt to climate change, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews in focus groups consisting of non-industrial private forest owners, forest managers, and forest advisors. Our results show that a majority of the participants believed in climate change as a phenomenon, and had experienced events or observed changes that they attributed to climate change. However, we found little evidence of concern regarding climate change impacts on forest ecosystems and forestry among the participants. Instead, the majority regarded climate change more as an opportunity for the Norwegian forest-based sector than a threat. A minority had implemented proactive practices motivated by climate change but in all but one case, the adjustments were adaptation of forest infrastructure. In general, the participants agreed that the uncertainty associated with the effects of climate change and the (economical) uncertainty associated with adaptation of forest ecosystems were too large to change forest management practices at present. However, many participants, in particular the managers, are already adapting in response to experienced problems, such as increased frequency and duration of periods with low carrying capacity of the ground implying reduced or no accessibility within and to stands. 相似文献
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Damien Bonal Mathilde Pau Maude Toigo André Granier Thomas Perot 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(4):72