Electronic structure control of single-walled carbon nanotube functionalization

Diazonium reagents functionalize single-walled carbon nanotubes suspended in aqueous solution with high selectivity and enable manipulation according to electronic structure. For example, metallic species are shown to react to the near exclusion of semiconducting nanotubes under controlled conditions. Selectivity is dictated by the availability of electrons near the Fermi level to stabilize a charge-transfer transition state preceding bond formation. The chemistry can be reversed by using a thermal treatment that restores the pristine electronic structure of the nanotube.     

Comparative Evaluation of Natural Antioxidant Coating and Vacuum-Packaging Technique on Quality Characteristics of Chill Stored Giant Trevally Fillets

ABSTRACT

The effect of coating with natural antioxidants like sage and oregano essential oils (EO), and tocopherol on spoilage characteristics of giant trevally fillets was evaluated during chilled storage. Further, results were compared against vacuum and conventional polyethylene packaging practices. Prior to coating, the properties of antioxidants were evaluated in vitro using standard activity assays. Coating with EO was found effective in retarding lipid oxidation in fish fillets; while tocopherol accelerated the spoilage process. It was concluded that EO treatment can slow down the process of spoilage in fish fillets and can be considered as an alternative to expensive vacuum-packaging technique.     

Effect of Corn Moisture on the Properties of Pet Food Extrudates

Corn moisture (9.5–13.5%) was significantly correlated to extrudate properties, even though water was added at the extruder to compensate for the differences in moisture. Water addition was more effective at the preconditioner than at the extruder, and longer retention preconditioner improved expansion. Water added to the pet food formula apparently was absorbed by the other formula ingredients and not the corn. Controlling the specific mechanical energy did not compensate for differences in corn moisture.