供水工程影响下中国北方地区耕地后备资源开发潜力

灌溉水源是北方地区耕地后备资源能否有效开发的关键。当前,中国正在推动国家水网工程规划建设,为北方地区耕地后备资源开发提供了新的机遇。在以往研究基础上,该研究考虑北方地区已建、在建及规划的供水工程,基于自然适宜、利用高效、发展稳定三方面评价准则,结合三维魔方空间分类方法,开展了雨养情景和供水灌溉情景下耕地后备资源开发潜力分析。结果表明：雨养农业情景下,北方地区勉强适宜（Ⅱ级）、中度（Ⅲ级）和高度（Ⅳ级）适宜的耕地后备资源面积分别为2.9万、1.0万和0.6万km²。灌溉农业情景下,耕地后备资源面积明显增加,勉强适宜（Ⅱ级）、中度（Ⅲ级）和高度（Ⅳ级）适宜的耕地后备资源面积将分别达到5.4万、7.6万和6.5万km²,主要集中于新疆、内蒙古和甘肃3省（自治区）。该研究结果可为中国耕地后备资源开发利用及国家水网工程效益发挥提供参考。     

高淀粉酿造高粱新品种晋粱 112 号的选育

晋粱 112 号是山西农业大学高粱研究所以河北承德市农林科学院（原河北承德地区农科所）引进的不育系承 16A为母本,以通过组培育种技术选育的优良恢复系 R111 为父本,在山西农业大学高粱研究所东白试验基地选育而成,2023 年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号为 GPD 高粱（2023）140102。2021-2022 年晋粱 112 号 2 年适应性试验平均产量达 9583.6kg/hm2,比对照晋杂 34 号平均增产 11.7% ;生育期 128.8d,幼苗绿色,芽鞘绿色,株高 169.7cm,穗长 30.9cm,穗纺锤形,中紧穗型,红壳褐粒,穗粒重 85.5g,千粒重 27.8g。该品种具有淀粉含量高、抗旱、抗丝黑穗病、丰产性好等优点,适宜在无霜期 130d 以上中晚熟地区（山西太原、晋中、长治,山东及新疆昌吉等）种植。     

Comparison of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and melatonin receptor type 1B immunoreactivity between young adult and aged canine spinal cord

Melatonin affects diverse physiological functions through its receptor and plays an important role in the central nervous system. In the present study, we compared immunoreactivity patterns of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), an enzyme essential for melatonin synthesis, and melatonin receptor type 1B (MT2) in the spinal cord of young adult (2~3 years) and aged (10~12 years) beagle dogs using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AANAT-specific immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of spinal neurons, and was significantly increased in aged dog spinal neurons compared to young adult spinal neurons. MT2-specific immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of spinal neurons, and was predominantly increased in the margin of the neuron cytoplasm in aged spinal cord compared to that in the young adult dogs. These increased levels of AANAT and MT2 immunoreactivity in aged spinal cord might be a feature of normal aging and associated with a feedback mechanism that compensates for decreased production of melatonin during aging.     

永久性贮水池在水灭火法扑救森林火灾中的运用

本文简要阐述了水灭火法灭火原理与系统组成,提出通过建立永久性贮水池促进水灭火法将成为我国林火扑救重要手段的发展设想。     

调亏灌溉和氮处理对小桐子生长及水分利用的影响

为了研究阶段水分亏缺(亏水+不亏水W_LW_H、不亏水+亏水W_HW_L、亏水+亏水W_LW_L、不亏水+不亏水W_HW_H)和不同施氮量(N_Z:0,N_L:0.2 g/kg,N_H:0.4 g/kg)对小桐子生长、生理指标和灌溉水利用效率的影响,通过盆栽试验,发现W_LW_H的生长和灌溉水利用效率均显著高于W_HW_L;作物的灌溉水利用效率随施氮量的增大而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在N_L水平下达到最大值;与高水高氮的处理N_HW_HW_H相比,中水低氮处理N_LW_LW_H节约灌溉水27%,节约氮肥使用量50%,小桐子株高减少31%、总干物质量减少35%,灌溉水利用效率减少13%,但茎粗增加13%,根冠比增加20%.可见小桐子在第一阶段处理(40~90 d)幼树期对水分的需求量较小,适度的亏缺灌溉可提高灌溉水利用效率;小桐子在第二阶段处理(90~140 d)处于旺长期,对水分的需求量较大,增大灌水量可大幅度促进小桐子生长及其干物质量的积累.全生育期实施亏缺灌溉,可提高小桐子自身适应外界环境能力,抗干旱胁迫能力也逐渐增强,但W_LW_L水平下的小桐子生长缓慢.经综合分析,认为处理N_LW_LW_H可作为干旱地区条件下的小桐子灌溉和施氮制度.     

Hydraulic Retention Time Influence on Improving Flocculation in the Activated Sludge Processes Through Polyelectrolytes

Hydraulic retention time (HRT) influence improving sludge flocculation with adding the polyelectrolytes (non-ionic, anionic, and cationic) was studied on an activated sludge (AS) system fed with synthetic domestic wastewater (SDW), dairy industry wastewater (DIW), and caramel industry wastewater (CIW). The sludge volumetric index, food/microorganism ratio (F/M), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids at different HRTs (6, 8 and 10 h) were monitored on an experimental model. Results showed that both SDW and IW had the best sludge flocculation conditions at 8 h and 100 mL of non-ionic polyelectrolyte (0.2 mg L^?1). In addition, this phenomenon reached the organic matter removal efficiencies of 95.9, 95.7, and 94.2% for SDW, DIW, and CIW, respectively. Therefore, optimum HRT increased the organic matter removal efficiencies by 10%, sludge concentration by 37% (22–55%), and F/M ratio by 70%. Moreover, the polyelectrolytes used in AS improved the sludge flocculation by 2.9 times.     

Comparison of larval thermal maxima between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fundulus heteroclitus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">F. grandis</Emphasis>

Fundulus heteroclitus and F. grandis are resident salt marsh fishes that overlap in distribution over a narrow range in northeastern Florida. The objective of the present study was to examine whether the limits of the species’ ranges could be explained by differences in thermal tolerance. Two populations of each species were collected and then spawned in the laboratory, and 9-day-old larvae were used for critical thermal maxima trials. Mean LOE temperatures of larvae ranged from 43.04 to 43.65°C and showed little difference between species. Therefore, differences in high temperatures experienced cannot account for the differences of the distributions of the two species. Condition-specific competition may play a greater role in determining the observed range of the two species.     

Effects of isorhapontigenin on cell cycle arrest and down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression in bladder cancer cells

AIM：To explore the inhibitory mechanism of isorhapontigenin (ISO) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of UMUC3 bladder cancer cells. METHODS：Human UMUC3 bladder cancer cells were pretreated with ISO, and the proliferation of the cells was observed under phase-contrast microscope and by ATPase assay. The expression of cyclin D1 was determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The cell cycle alteration was detected by flow cytometry, and the cell migration was examined by wound-healing assay. RESULTS：Over 20 μmol/L of ISO significantly inhibited the proliferation of UMUC3 cells with the IC50 of (22.5±2.8) μmol/L. The mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1 in UMUC3 cells were markedly decreased after treatment with ISO. Exposure of UMUC3 cells to low dose (5 μmol/L) of ISO led to significant induction of G0/G1 growth arrest at both 12 h (58.82%) and 24 h (63.94%), compared with the negative control cells (47.33%) without inducing obvious apoptosis. ISO at dose of 5 μmol/L also markedly inhibited the cell migration. CONCLUSION：ISO significantly exhibits inhibitory effects on the proliferation and migration of human bladder cancer cells by down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression accompanying with G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.