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981.
Yuki Monden Takuya Hara Yoshihiro Okada Osamu Jahana Akira Kobayashi Hiroaki Tabuchi Shoko Onaga Makoto Tahara 《Breeding Science》2015,65(2):145-153
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an outcrossing hexaploid species with a large number of chromosomes (2n = 6x = 90). Although sweetpotato is one of the world’s most important crops, genetic analysis of the species has been hindered by its genetic complexity combined with the lack of a whole genome sequence. In the present study, we constructed a genetic linkage map based on retrotransposon insertion polymorphisms using a mapping population derived from a cross between ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ (PSL) and ‘90IDN-47’ cultivars. High-throughput sequencing and subsequent data analyses identified many Rtsp-1 retrotransposon insertion sites, and their allele dosages (simplex, duplex, triplex, or double-simplex) were determined based on segregation ratios in the mapping population. Using a pseudo-testcross strategy, 43 and 47 linkage groups were generated for PSL and 90IDN-47, respectively. Interestingly, most of these insertions (~90%) were present in a simplex manner, indicating their utility for linkage map construction in polyploid species. Additionally, our approach led to savings of time and labor for genotyping. Although the number of markers herein was insufficient for map-based cloning, our trial analysis exhibited the utility of retrotransposon-based markers for linkage map construction in sweetpotato. 相似文献
982.
Geographical differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of Asian taros, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, and related species were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and isozymes of 13 enzyme systems
with special interest in the accessions from the Yunnan area of China, which supposedly has served the secondary center of
taro diversification and dispersal into the temperate Far East Asia. The RAPD analysis was found to be better suited for detecting
genetic differences within taros and among its related species. However, both RAPD and isozyme analyses estimated quite similar
genetic relationships within taros and between related species. Genetic differentiation was evident in the taro accessions
of Nepal, Yunnan and other Asian areas; but, phylogenetic relationships between the differentiated taro groups were not clearly
determined. When taro cultivation was introduced to a new area, only a small fraction of genetic variability in heterogeneous
taro populations was transferred possibly causing random differentiation among locally adapted taro populations. Some of the
Yunnan and Japanese accessions were found to be direct descendants of the common triploid population. Further analysis on
taros from the eastern China and Korea is necessary to clarify the Yunnan's role in taro diversification and dispersal. The
significant local differentiation in Asian taros was clearly demonstrated by RAPD and isozyme analyses in this study, and
the results of this study will serve as a base to establish evolutionary and genetic relationships among Asian taros.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
983.
Optimal sampling strategies for evaluating fruit softening after harvest in apple breeding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hiroshi Iwanami Makoto Ishiguro Nobuhiro Kotoda Sae Takahashi Junichi Soejima 《Euphytica》2005,144(1-2):169-175
Environmental variance components associated with year, tree, and harvest date were estimated for fruit softening after harvest
in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to determine their relative importance and design optimum sampling strategies to discriminate genotypes in apple
breeding. Fruit were stored after harvest under 20± 2 ∘C and 80± 5%RH. Softening was evaluated by adapting the change in firmness during storage to a linear regression and defining
the regression coefficient as the softening rate. Environmental variances associated with genotype × year interaction, among
trees, year × tree interaction, and among harvest dates were all very small, namely, 2.7, 0.1, 5.2, and 5.7%, respectively,
to the total variance obtained from the analysis of variance for the softening rate. The variance associated with genotype,
at 57.3%, was very large. On the basis of the number of fruit necessary for firmness measurements, two times harvest is an
efficient strategy to determine a genotype mean for the softening. 相似文献
984.
Social forestry as a development strategy has evolved since the 1970s, especially in the tropics, to address forest degradation and promote local community development amidst the burgeoning population in these areas. As a practice, however, social forestry has been in place since ancient times in many parts of the world, including Japanese forest communities. Forest-people relationships in Japan drastically changed through massive afforestation programs after the energy source change and with the industrialization of the forest sector in 1950s. The majority of the planted forests are underutilized today and forest communities are marginalized due to the decline of forestry operations, depopulation, and changes in people’s values. Some communities address this concern by inviting potential urban migrants who may be interested in settling in rural areas. Using the case of the Nishiawakura Village in Okayama Prefecture, this paper explores the recent challenges confronting social forestry in Japan. It is found that underutilization of forest resources can be a cause of serious environmental degradation and marginalization of forest communities, and that Nishiawakura’s journey to renew forest management in partnership with migrants is a process of revisiting and creating the forest-people relationship. This study advances two related arguments, namely (1) the interaction of the local people and the migrants brings new perspectives to forest management, and (2) in a community facing depopulation and underutilization of forest resources, social forestry can be an effective approach to rediscover traditional forest management in a new form and revitalize forests and local communities. 相似文献
985.
Cohen P Miyazaki M Socci ND Hagge-Greenberg A Liedtke W Soukas AA Sharma R Hudgins LC Ntambi JM Friedman JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5579):240-243
986.
987.
988.
Qi J Asano T Jinno M Matsui K Atsumi K Sakagami Y Ojika M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5742):1828
Water molds of the genus Phytophthora include many plant pathogens responsible for epidemics such as potato blight and sudden oak death, causing global economic damages. Sexual reproduction is of biological importance in Phytophthora and has been believed to be stimulated by unknown endogenous factors named a hormones. We describe here the chemical characterization of a Phytophthora mating hormone, a1, which was obtained from approximately 2 tons of culture fluid of one mating type of a species and which induced sexual spores on the counter-mating type at a nanogram level. 相似文献
989.
Kitaura R Kitagawa S Kubota Y Kobayashi TC Kindo K Mita Y Matsuo A Kobayashi M Chang HC Ozawa TC Suzuki M Sakata M Takata M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5602):2358-2361
We report the direct observation of dioxygen molecules physisorbed in the nanochannels of a microporous copper coordination polymer by the MEM (maximum entropy method)/Rietveld method, using in situ high-resolution synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction measurements. The obtained MEM electron density revealed that van der Waals dimers of physisorbed O2 locate in the middle of nanochannels and form a one-dimensional ladder structure aligned to the host channel structure. The observed O-O stretching Raman band and magnetic susceptibilities are characteristic of the confined O2 molecules in one-dimensional nanochannels of CPL-1 (coordination polymer 1 with pillared layer structure). 相似文献
990.
Kim KA Kakitani M Zhao J Oshima T Tang T Binnerts M Liu Y Boyle B Park E Emtage P Funk WD Tomizuka K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5738):1256-1259
Several described growth factors influence the proliferation and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. Using a transgenic mouse model, we identified a human gene, R-spondin1, with potent and specific proliferative effects on intestinal crypt cells. Human R-spondin1 (hRSpo1) is a thrombospondin domain-containing protein expressed in enteroendocrine cells as well as in epithelial cells in various tissues. Upon injection into mice, the protein induced rapid onset of crypt cell proliferation involving beta-catenin stabilization, possibly by a process that is distinct from the canonical Wnt-mediated signaling pathway. The protein also displayed efficacy in a model of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis and may have therapeutic application in gastrointestinal diseases. 相似文献