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131.
The increasing spread of invasive alien plants has changed biodiversity throughout the world. To date research in this area has focused on how invasive plant species affect pollinator behaviour, but there is a lack of data on the impact that alien plant species have on wild pollinator populations. Since their introduction in the 19th century, and rapid spread after the 1950s, alien goldenrods (Solidago canadensis, Solidago gigantea) have been among the most successful invasive plant species in Europe. We studied the effects of goldenrods on wild pollinator communities in SE Poland. The abundance, species richness and diversity of wild bees, hoverflies and butterflies were compared between wet meadows invaded by goldenrod (10 transects) and non-invaded controls (10 transects). Furthermore, we compared the plant diversity and average cover between the two groups of sites. Invasion of goldenrods had a very strong negative effect on wild pollinator diversity as well as abundance. Plant diversity and average cover were also negatively affected by goldenrod invasion. Wild pollinators were grouped according to their nesting and food specialization, but none were resistant to the invasion, indicating that introduced goldenrod may affect the entire wild pollinator community. Our study emphasises the urgent need to develop specific protection plans for wild pollinators in habitats threatened by foreign plants and we call for the introduction of programs to stop the invasion of goldenrod not only in Poland, but also on a continental scale. 相似文献
132.
Hazem M. Kalaji Magdalena D. Cetner Izabela A. Samborska Izabela Łukasik Marian Brestic 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(7):1024-1034
Chlorophyll content meters have been used successfully to estimate foliar chlorophyll content in various plant species in non-destructive way, especially to study stress physiology and abiotic stresses, such as nutrient deficiency. The main aim of this work was to compare the records of different chlorophyll content meters with the results obtained by the destructive method under the deficiency of main macronutrients in plants growth medium. Four devices (CL-01, SPAD-502, Dualex, and CCM-200) were used to estimate chlorophyll content in maize and tomato plants. In maize plants, all devices validated high accuracy for potassium and nitrogen deficiency and low accuracy for phosphorous and magnesium. In tomato, they showed a high degree of accuracy for calcium, potassium, and iron deficiencies, and low accuracy for phosphorus deficiency. All devices proved to be suitable to provide a reasonably estimation of chlorophyll content under optimal nutrient conditions. However, under nutrient deficiency conditions, tested devices showed different values for the same plant under the same nutrient deficiency. This suggest that, these devices should be validated by a sampling destructive method under such conditions. 相似文献
133.
Katarzyna Pawłowska Maciej Kuligowski Iwona Jasińska-Kuligowska Marcin Kidoń Aleksander Siger Magdalena Rudzińska Jacek Nowak 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(3):196-202
The increasing demand for cocoa and search for ingredients rich in bioactive compounds encouraged us to investigate the possibility of replacing it by carob powder in the muffins containing soy beans, sesame oil and flaxseeds. There was 5% addition of carob or cocoa powder to the individual doughs. The muffins with the addition of carob were characterized by improved antiradical activity (by 36% - 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method, by 83% - 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method), higher content of genistein (18%) and total phytosterols (17%) in the dry mass. The color differences in the carob muffins crusts were not perceptible by consumers (ΔE?=?0.70 for crust, ΔE?=?5.6 for crumb) and their taste was found to be less bitter and sweeter than the taste of cocoa muffins. Moreover, the addition of carob powder as well as cocoa powder resulted in good sensory quality. The high content of phytosterols, genistein and improved antiradical properties proved carob to be a source of bioactive compounds. The results show that carob powder may be used as valuable alternative muffin ingredient to cocoa. 相似文献
134.
Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek Maria Jerzykiewicz Magdalena Dębicka Jakub Bekier Elżbieta Jamroz Dorota Kawałko 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(8):2692-2702
Purpose
The aim of the research was to compare the effect of two types of organic sorbents—humic acid (HA) and biochar (BC)—in sorption-desorption processes of different polar pesticides, which residues are commonly present in arable soils and are potentially harmful for the environment. It also aims to advance the understanding of behavior of both ionizable and nonionizable pesticides in the presence of BC and HA in soils.Materials and methods
Three different classes of pesticides were investigated: carbamates (carbaryl and carbofuran), phenoxyacetic acids (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA)), and aniline derivatives (metolachlor). Investigated humic acid was extracted by Shnitzer’s method from topsoil horizon of arable Gleyic Phaeozem. Biochar was produced from wheat straw in gasification process at 550 °C, remaining 30 s in the reactor. To obtain the experimental goal structural properties of both sorbents were determined and sorption-desorption experiments conducted. To the investigated organic matter samples (HA or BC), 10 or 15 mg L?1 pesticide solutions in 10 mM CaCl2 were added and the mixtures were shaken for 24 h. Afterwards, the samples were centrifuged and supernatants analyzed by LC-MS/MS for the pesticide content. Analogous experiment was performed for desorption studies (samples refilled with 10 mM CaCl2).Results and discussion
Humic acids exhibited strong affinity for the ionic substances, for which high-percentage uptake (74.6 and 67.9% initial dose of 2,4-D and MCPA, respectively) was obtained. Retention of nonionic carbamates on HA was much weaker (35.4% of carbofuran and 10.2% of carbaryl sorbed). Sorption of carbamates to BC was significantly reduced (76.4–84.3%) by the alkaline hydrolysis. Metolachlor was bound comparably strong both by HA (72.9%) and BC (70.2%), although different mechanisms governed its sorption. Noticeable desorption occurred only in the case of 2,4-D bound to HA (over 50%), whereas other studied compounds were released from HA within the range of 4.4–10.8% of the dose sorbed. Oppositely to HA, desorption of all studied pesticides from BC was completely inhibited, except for 2,4-D (3.7% desorbed).Conclusions
Investigated humic acid has high affinity to polar, ionic pesticides of high water solubility, which are sorbed via specific interactions with HA functional groups. Studied biochar, due to its moderately hydrophobic character, preferentially attracts nonionic pesticides of relatively high logP values and low water solubility. Hydrophobic bonding is postulated as a main mechanism of their attraction to BC. Besides sorbent structural properties, pH is the main factor governing sorption equilibria in the studied mixtures.135.
Irene Camacho Rubina Leça Duarte Sardinha Roberto Camacho Magdalena Sadyś 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(4):955-969
The genus Puccinia represents rust infections, which are responsible for great productivity losses in crops of commercial and ornamental plants worldwide. This work is aimed at determining the occurrence of Puccinia spp. spores in Madeira Island in order to infer the exposure risks from a phytopathological point of view. A phytopathological analysis was performed in 203 local plant samples between January 2003 and December 2012. During the same period the airborne concentrations of rust spores were monitored following well-established guidelines. Aerobiological data was compared with meteorological records. Based on macro and microscopic analyses, five species of rusts were identified: P. horiana, P. buxi, P. porri, P. pelargonii-zonalis, and P. sorghi, and they were found mostly in spring and summer. A total of 20 samples out of 203 analysed plants (9.8%), were infected with Puccinia spores, i.e., P. horiana (5.9%), P. buxi (1.47%), P. porri and P. pelargonii-zonalis (0.98%), and P. sorghi (0.5%). During the studied period Puccinia spores attained an annual average concentration of 126 spores m?3 and most of them were recorded between March and October. Meteorological factors were determinant in fluctuations in spore concentration. Relative humidity was the parameter that favoured the biggest release and dispersal of the rust spores, whereas rainfall revealed a significant negative effect. Rusts do not represent an important plant pathogen in Madeira Island, as shown by the low infection frequencies and levels of airborne spore concentrations. 相似文献
136.
Marian Wiwart Wolfgang Kandler Juliusz Perkowski Franz Berthiller Beatrix Preinerstorfer Elbieta Suchowilska Maciej Buko Magdalena Laskowska Rudolf Krska 《Cereal Chemistry》2009,86(1):52-60
The aim of this study was to determine the content of selected elements and metabolites produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium in spelt (Triticum spelta L.) grain and husks and common wheat (T. aestivum L.) grain. Concentrations of trichothecenes, a volatile metabolite trichodiene (TRICH), as well as ergosterol (ERG) and adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) (a total microbial biomass indicator), were assessed. Toxin concentrations in spelt grain and husks harvested in 2003 and 2004 were comparable. Average deoxynivalenol concentrations reached 450 and 523 μg/kg in grain and 2,162 and 855 μg/kg in husks, respectively. Spelt grain, in comparison with common wheat grain, contained significantly higher concentrations of P, S, Mg, Zn, and Cu and a lower concentration of Al, whereas the concentrations of Ca, Fe, and Pb were significantly higher in the husks than in the grain of this cereal. A comparison of concentrations of Fusarium spp. metabolites in the grain of spelt and common wheat showed that the total concentration of mycotoxins and TRICH was slightly lower in T. spelta, whereas common wheat grain contained lower concentrations of ERG and ATP. The obtained results indicate that spelt husks contain considerable concentrations of trichothecenes. 相似文献
137.
Górnaś Paweł Czubinski Jaroslaw Rudzińska Magdalena Grygier Anna Ying Qian Chakradhari Suryakant Sahu Pravin Kumar Mišina Inga Urvaka Elise Patel Khageshwar Singh 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(1):91-98
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The seeds of nine species belonging to the Fabaceae family (Cassia alata, Cassia uniflora, Cassia obtusifolia, Cassia tora, Crotalaria albida, Crotalaria juncea,... 相似文献
138.
Uber Magdalena Legout Cédric Nord Guillaume Crouzet Christian Demory François Poulenard Jérôme 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(9):3255-3273
Journal of Soils and Sediments - Knowledge of suspended sediment provenance in mesoscale catchments is important for applying erosion control measures and best management practices as well as for... 相似文献
139.
Bratka-Robia CB Egerbacher M Helmreich M Mitteregger G Benesch M Bamberg E 《Veterinary dermatology》2002,13(2):113-118
Skin biopsies from seven different body sites were obtained from 21 dogs of different breeds (short, normal, long hair), which were presented for euthanasia. Commercially available polyclonal antibodies were used for the immunohistochemical detection of androgen and oestrogen receptors. Both receptors showed a similar distribution in canine skin, with specific intranuclear staining. In the epidermis, the percentage of androgen receptor (AR)-positive cells, but not that of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive cells, was significantly higher in samples from the thorax and the flank. In the dermal papilla, the percentage of ER-positive (but not AR-positive) cells was significantly lower in biopsies from the flank. No significant difference was found for both receptors between the locations in the outer root sheath, among the three different hair types, between sex and between intact and castrated dogs. 相似文献
140.