高寒牧区当年生人工混播草地建植试验

通过试验证明，在碌曲县高寒草甸草地区建立一年生人工草地，采取禾本科与豆科牧草混播，可明显提高草地产革量和牧草品质。由于草层结构合理，促进了产草量的提高，混播草地产草量较单播平均提高26％，差异极显著(P＜0．01)；混播处理茎叶比明显低于单播，其中燕麦抽穗期降低0．56，完熟期降低2．55，说明随着牧草生长期的延长，混播草地叶量明显增加，主要是由于箭筈豌豆的介入而使茎叶比显著降低，牧草品质变优。     

Temporal variations in blood glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity in sheep at pasture in a Mediterranean area

The present study evaluates blood GSHPx activity in 18 sheep flocks at range, to identify those seasons with the highest risk of selenium deficiency. Samples were taken from 1108 15-day-old lambs during the two usual lambing periods in this geographical area (autumn-winter and spring-summer). The overall mean values in the first period (146.69 +/- 3.41 i.u./g Hb) was higher than in the second one (107.50 +/- 3.53 i.u./g Hb). This may be explained by the special features of the climate in the Mediterranean area, which allow an optimum growth of grass from October to May. Therefore, the lambs born in spring-summer are from pregnancies in months when feeding is based only upon grazing. However, lambs born in autumn-winter comes from ewes gestating during the summer, when supplementation with cereal grains is given. As a conclusion, lambs born in spring-summer in this area are at higher risk to selenium-deficiency related disorders.     

犬红细胞Cu·Zn－SOD的纯化及其部分特性

采用乙醇－氯仿处理、加热、丙酮沉淀和ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０柱层析的方法，从犬血红细胞中提纯了铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ），并对其部分性质进行了研究。比活力为４１５０Ｕ／ｍｇ，不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳呈现１条区带，ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得该酶的亚基分子量为１６３００，紫外最大吸收峰位于２５９ｎｍ，氨基酸组成中不含有色氨酸。     

The production of short chain fatty acid and colonic development in weaning piglets

Weaning process widely affects the small intestinal structure and function in piglets, while the responses of large intestine to weaning stress are still obscure. The purpose of this study was to determine the developmental changes (i.e., short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations, growth parameters, crypt‐related indices and antioxidant capacity) in colon of piglet during weaning. Forty piglets were weaned at day 21 and euthanized to collect colonic tissues and digesta samples on day 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 post‐weaning (n = 8). Piglet growth performance was improved (p < .001) on day 7 and 14 post‐weaning. The concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate and total SCFAs were higher (p < .001) during the late post‐weaning period. The mRNA abundances of SCFAs transporters were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. The absolute and relative weights, absolute length and perimeter of colon were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. Similarly, post‐weaning increases (p < .001) in colonic crypt depth and Ki67 positive cells numbers per crypt were observed during the same period. Colonic crypt fission indices decreased (p < .01), while total crypt numbers increased (p < .001) on day 14 after weaning. Moreover, total SCFAs concentration was significantly associated with colonic growth parameters and Ki67 cells/crypt (p < .001). In addition, catalase content was decreased on day 3, 7, and 14, whereas, the concentrations of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and manganese‐containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were higher (p < .05) on day 1 and 3 post‐weaning. These results showed that weaning process has a significant effect on colonic growth and development, which might be associated with the change of SCFAs concentrations in colon.     

不同添加剂对紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料品质的影响

为明确葡萄糖、红糖、果渣对紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料青贮品质的影响,探明最适合添加于紫花苜蓿裹包青贮的有机添加剂,按照紫花苜蓿原料重量的0.2%、0.4%、10%分别添加葡萄糖、果糖、果渣进行90 d青贮。结果表明:添加葡萄糖可保留紫花苜蓿中更多的干物质,有效提高青贮饲料中的乳酸含量,降低乙酸和丙酸含量;添加红糖不利于青贮饲料pH值的降低和乳酸积累,能产生较高的氨态氮、乙酸和丙酸含量;添加果渣虽然可以降低青贮饲料的pH值,但会造成显著的粗蛋白损失。综合分析认为,添加葡萄糖对提高紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料青贮品质效果较好。     

猪场母仔保健——“四提高两避免”

<正>母猪生产中重复着产仔─哺乳─断奶─空怀─配种─妊娠─再次产仔的周期。产仔、断奶、配种是母猪在生产周期中的短期行为,由接产技术、断奶技术、配种技术支持;而哺乳、空怀、妊娠则是长期行     

利用羊碎肉开发宠物食品配料的工艺技术研究

研究以羊碎肉为原料,通过高压蒸煮、绞碎、酶解、打浆、脱苦、真空冷冻干燥等工艺制成羊肉粉,以此作为宠物食品加工中的配料之一。试验确定了中性蛋白酶为最适水解用酶并通过单因素和正交试验,以骨肉粉的溶解性为指标,确定了中性蛋白酶酶解羊碎肉的最佳条件为:酶用量2 000 U/g,底物浓度为1:3,酶解时间3 h;脱苦研究表明,添加0.7%甘氨酸,能较好的掩盖苦味;对采用喷雾干燥方法生产的羊肉粉进行37℃保温试验,在贮存到第6周时,菌落总数为7.17 lg cfu/g,TBARS值为2.82 mg/100 g。由此可推断该骨肉粉在常温条件下可贮存3个月。     

航天诱变菌株黑曲霉ZM-8降解小麦秸秆产纤维素酶条件的优化

在确定了影响航天诱变黑曲霉ZM-8菌株在小麦秸秆为主要原料产纤维素酶的各单因素基础上,采用正交试验分别对其培养基组分和培养条件进行优化。试验结果表明:含氮量和加水量是影响产酶的最主要因素,其产酶培养基组分的最优组合为:最佳氮源为碳酸铵、含氮量1.4%、料水比为1∶2、小麦秸秆粉与麸皮之比为4∶1;培养时间和培养温度是影响产酶的最主要环境因子,其产酶的最佳培养条件为:培养温度为28℃、培养时间为96 h、pH值为6.5、接种量为4%;在优化的培养基配方和培养条件下,其FPU和CMC的酶活分别为6.57 U/g和22.38 U/g。     

添加番茄渣单贮和混贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响研究

研究番茄渣单贮或混贮替代部分全株玉米青贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响,为今后在奶牛科学养殖中开发和利用非常规饲料资源提供理论依据和技术支持。试验选择体重、泌乳期、胎次和产奶量相近且健康无疾病的30头泌乳前中期荷斯坦奶牛于内蒙古巴彦淖尔市临河区双河镇嘉益奶牛养殖合作社进行为期50 d的饲养试验。结果表明,番茄渣经过单贮或混贮(分别与梨渣、玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆混贮)后用于奶牛日粮中替代部分全株玉米青贮,可有效的降低玉米青贮的使用,降低生产成本,显著提高乳蛋白率(P<0.05)、乳脂率(P<0.05)和奶牛产奶量(P<0.05),提高养殖效益。番茄渣单贮或混贮可提高奶牛生产性能和经济效益,并可作为一种非常规饲料资源在奶牛业中进行推广应用。     

绵羊DUSP6基因多态性及其与产羔数关联分析

文章旨在探究绵羊DUSP6基因g.125589716G>A、g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T、g.125589006G>A四个位点多态性及其与产羔数之间的关系,以期找到与绵羊高繁殖力相关的分子标记。利用全基因组重测序结合Sequenom MassARRAY誖SNP技术对多羔绵羊品种(小尾寒羊、湖羊、策勒黑羊)和单羔绵羊品种(滩羊、苏尼特羊、萨福克羊、草原型藏羊)DUSP6基因上述4个多态位点进行检测,并与小尾寒羊产羔数进行关联分析。结果表明:绵羊g.125589716G>A位点在多羔绵羊品种中存在AA、GA、GG三种基因型,在单羔绵羊品种中存在GA、GG两种基因型;g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T位点在单、多羔绵羊品种中均存在CC、CT、TT三种基因型;g.125589006G>A位点在单、多羔绵羊群体中均只存在GA、GG两种基因型。绵羊DUSP6基因g.125589716G>A位点基因型频率在单、多羔绵羊品种之间差异显著(P<0.05),等位基因频率在单、多羔绵羊品种间差异极显著(P<0.01);g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在单、多羔绵羊品种间差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01);g.125589006G>A位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在单、多羔绵羊品种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。关联分析表明,DUSP6基因各SNPs多态性与小尾寒羊不同胎次产羔数之间无显著关联(P>0.05)。综上说明,绵羊DUSP6基因g.125589716G>A、g.125587728C>T、g.125589714C>T以及g.125589006G>A等4个位点的多态性与小尾寒羊各胎次产羔数之间均无显著关联(P>0.05),不适用于小尾寒羊多羔性状选育。