利用Excel2007规划求解饲料配方表格的设计与使用

根据动物的饲养标准、所用原料的营养成分含量和市场价格,以及饲料配方设计的要求和饲养经验,设计了饲料配制方案的表格,利用Excel 2007提供的规划求解、公式计算等强大功能,不需建立数学模型,将有关的参数添于表格中就可以直接规划求解饲料配方.     

马蔺的花部构造及开花授粉生物学特性

对马蔺的花部特征、开花动态、授粉特性及传粉媒介等进行了研究,运用多种处理方式,对马蔺的传粉机制进行测定。结果表明:自然条件下,马蔺5～6月开花,群体花期约40d,盛花期约25d,单花花期约58h。马蔺的繁育系统属于异交,部分自交亲和,自然传粉需要借助传粉媒介,虫媒传粉是其传粉方式之一。     

NaCl胁迫对羽衣甘蓝生理生化指标的影响

试验采用水培种植的方法研究不同NaCl浓度对羽衣甘蓝幼苗光合色素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,叶绿素含量总体呈下降趋势;可溶性蛋白质含量、CAT和POD活性随着NaCl浓度的增加先上升后下降;在NaCl浓度为600mmol/L时可溶性蛋白质含量、CAT活性达到最高值,而POD活性则是在NaCl浓度为800mmol/L时达到最高。     

高校大学生国学教育现状及应对策略

在飞速发展的今天,当代大学生尽情享受着现代科技带来的先进成果,却忽视了对传统文化的学习和了解,且各高校开展国学教育的总体情况并不理想,面对这种现状,需要政府、高校和学生一起联动,营造出重视国学教育的社会氛围和校园氛围,尤其各高校要深入改革课程体系、努力创新教学计划,以期达到深入开展国学教育、提升大学生人文素养的目的。     

皱皮香猪HAS2基因SNPs的鉴定及生物信息学分析

为了探究皱皮香猪全身性皮肤褶皱是否与透明质酸合成酶2（hyaluronan synthase 2,HAS2）基因变异有关,本研究以普通香猪为对照,采用特异性PCR方法克隆HAS2基因的外显子编码区,应用生物信息学方法分析测定基因编码区的碱基变异,检测变异位点在群体中的分布频率。结果显示,皱皮香猪HAS2基因中检测到4个SNPs位点：位于外显子1的T221A错义突变（导致亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸）和A228G同义突变,位于外显子2的T183C和外显子4的C537T同义突变。生物信息学分析发现,T221A和A228G位点构成4种单倍型,其中T-A为皱皮香猪群体的主要单倍型（27.5%）,且在皱皮香猪群体中紧密连锁（r²=0.253）,而且T221A和A228G突变可引起mRNA自由能和蛋白质结构发生变化,TA组合的自由能为-573.29 kJ·mol^-1,TG组合的自由能为-580.89 kJ·mol^-1,AG组合的自由能为-572.66 kJ·mol^-1;AA组合的自由能为-571.03 kJ·mol^-1;蛋白序列中亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸后,α螺旋由35.52%降为32.97%,自由卷曲由43.17%升至44.51%,同时引起蛋白序列三级结构的改变。位点T221A和A228G在香猪群体中呈现出丰富的多态性,均表现出3种基因型;关联分析结果显示,皱皮香猪T221A位点的A等位基因频率显著高于普通香猪（P<0.05）,A228G位点中皱皮香猪的G等位基因频率极显著高于普通香猪（P<0.01）。T183C位点的C等位基因频率和C537T位点的T等位基因频率在皱皮香猪和普通香猪间未达到显著性差异（P>0.05）。研究结果揭示,HAS2基因的外显子1中发生的两个碱基变异可能影响基因转录后mRNA的稳定性以及蛋白的三维结构,影响HA的合成量,并与皱皮香猪体侧皮肤不均匀增厚且发生褶皱有关。     

香猪基因组外显子SNPs检测及繁殖和体型性状候选基因分析

为从基因组水平上探究香猪性成熟早、产仔数少、体型小的分子机理,本研究下载与香猪在繁殖和体型性状方面有明显差异的梅山猪、杜洛克猪的重测序数据作为参照,对26头香猪、24头梅山猪和24头杜洛克猪的重测序数据进行SNPs检测和等位基因频率差值分析,筛选香猪基因组外显子上与梅山猪、杜洛克猪高度分化的SNPs位点,并使用AS-PCR方法和Sanger测序方法统计其中8个SNPs位点的群体等位基因频率。最后,对含有高度分化SNPs位点的基因进行GO功能富集和KEGG通路分析。结果显示,SNPs检测获得香猪基因组外显子上SNPs共236 710个,包括193个终止密码子丢失、1 238个终止密码子获得、90 945个错义SNPs和144 334个同义SNPs。得到1 046个香猪高度分化SNPs,包括429个错义SNPs、2个终止子丢失、6个终止子获得和609个同义SNPs,影响524个蛋白质编码基因;并发现X染色体上44-58 Mb的一段富含高度分化SNPs的热点区域。群体等位基因频率验证结果与重测序结果一致,鉴定了8个位点均为香猪与梅山猪、杜洛克猪高度分化的SNPs。对524个含有高度分化SNPs的基因进行GO和KEGG分析,富集到卵母细胞减数分裂、雌激素信号途径等繁殖相关通路;GO功能注释到细胞内雌激素受体信号、纤毛运动等繁殖相关条目,骨骼系统形态发生、骨骼发育、成骨细胞分化等体型相关条目。得到含有香猪高度分化SNPs的18个繁殖性状候选基因PTGFR、TRO、DNAH17、PKDREJ、KAT8、DNAI2、VDR、TEX14、QSOX1、AR、WNK3、ADCY3、SPEF1、MIGA2、SLC2A8、PSMF1、TBC1D20、IFT172和7个体型相关基因IBSP、NR6A1、HSPG2、TARS、PDZD2、FGF4、AMER1,可能是决定香猪性成熟早、产仔数少、体型小的关键基因。     

小型猪近交系新品种的培育与开发利用

小型猪近交系是中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所以2头五指山猪(Sus scrofa)为系祖,历时15年,采用“近亲交配”、提高营养水平、同期发情以及笼架等饲养技术,逐步克服后代畸形率高、弱仔率高、成活率低等3大阶段性难题,育成国际上首个近交系猪.本文介绍小型猪近交系的培育过程、近交系研究鉴定、新遗传资源种质特性,以及开发利用.该研究成果填补了国内外近交系猪的研究空白,为大型哺乳近交系动物培育理论和应用研究提供了新的视角.     

Cloning of Inhibin-α Gene and its mRNA Expression Pattern in the Ovary of Congjiang Xiang Pig

To reveal the relationship between inhibin-α(INHA) gene and the reproductive traits of Congjiang Xiang pig, INHA gene was cloned and sequenced taking the genomic DNA of Congjiang Xiang pigs as templates by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method.The polymorphisms of INHA gene were tested in Congjiang Xiang pig populations with high-litter size and low-litter size using allele-specific PCR(AS-PCR) method.The expression profile of INHA gene in ovaries was detected from Congjiang Xiang pigs with high-litter yiled or low-litter yiled by Real-time PCR method.The complete coding region of INHA gene was 1095 bp in length, which coded for 364 amino acid residues.Compared with the known sequence, two candidate sites, G359A and A373G, were found out from exon 2 region of INHA gene in Congjiang Xiang pig.After investigation for the two sites in a large population, the frequency of alleles between two populations was not significant and without obvious relativity with the litter yiled of Congjiang Xiang pig.However, the INHA mRNA level in the ovary of Congjiang Xiang pig with high-litter yiled was higher than that with low-litter yiled.It suggested that INHA gene was much conserved, INHA gene expression level might be concerned for the regulation of ovary growth and follicle development in Congjiang Xiang pig breed.     

Isolation and Identification of BPIV3 Genotype C

To identify the infection agents from Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, where feedlot cattle indicated bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), the M gene of the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 was amplified by RT-PCR.The PCR product was ligated to pMD18-T vector and cloned to E.coli DH5α.The positive clones were sequenced and compared with the reference strains in GenBank by the molecular biology software.Sequence alignment results showed that a BPIV3 strain was isolated from the samples and named NX49, the M gene of NX49 included 1 056 nucleotides.Evolutionary analysis showed that the NX49 belonged to BPIV3 C genotype and shared 99.4% nucleotide identity with that of the SD0835 isolated in Shandong province.The characterization of the NX49 demonstrated that it was sensitive to temperature, acid and organic matter.The presence of Mg²⁺ showed no protection against the treatment at high temperature.The HA test suggested that the NX49 enables to agglutinate the guinea pig RBC at 4 ℃ and the titer was 1∶4.The study isolated a BPIV3 genotype C strain successfully, which facilitate the study of molecular evolution and epidemiology of BPIV3 in China.     

Analysis on Polymorphisms of Three CNV Regions in Five Pig Breeds

The paper was aimed to investigate the polymorphism of copy number variation (CNV) in different pig breeds.Three CNV regions of CNVR91,CNVR92 and CNVR143 were chosen from the porcine SNP60 chip genotyping results.The polymorphisms of three CNVs were determined by Real-time quantitative PCR method,taking five pig breeds as samples,including Yorkshire pig,Xiang pig,Kele pig,Nuogu pig and Rongchang pig breeds.The results showed that the dominant status of CNVR91 was loss in Xiang pig,while it was normal in other four pig breeds.The major type of CNVR92 was deletion in Xiang pig,Yorkshire pig,Kele pig and Rongchang pig breeds,with a high normal percent in Nuogu pig.For CNVR143,the dominant event was gain in Xiang pig and Nuogu pig breeds,but it was not diverse in other three pig breeds.These results indicated that three CNV regions emerged with polymorphism in five pig breeds,which might have effects on gene expression in CNV regions and physiological function by dosage effect especially in Xiang pig,Nuogu pig and Kele pig breeds.