马铃薯镰刀菌干腐病研究进展及防控手段

马铃薯是世界第四大粮食作物。马铃薯干腐病是一种重要的马铃薯收获后真菌病害,在我国各马铃薯产区内广泛发生,导致马铃薯块茎的商品薯率大幅下降,对马铃薯的产量造成严重经济损失。本文针对马铃薯干腐病的症状、发生与危害、病原菌种类以及综合防控手段进行综述,以期为病害的研究及防治提供参考。     

豌豆根腐病研究进展

根腐病是豌豆根部的重要病害之一,在世界各地豌豆产区均有发生,是制约豌豆产业持续健康发展的因素之一。世界上尚未发现对根腐病完全免疫的豌豆品种,防治方法主要以农业防治和化学防治为主。本文从豌豆根腐病的发生与分布、病原菌的分类及特点、抗性鉴定及评价标准、种质资源、分子标记及防治策略等方面对国内外豌豆根腐病研究现状进行综述。并提出抗病育种和未来豌豆根腐病综合防治的研究方向。     

城市猪肉产品安全供给标识及信息整合技术研究

在探讨中国猪肉供应现状的基础上,提出城市猪肉产品安全供给标识及信息整合技术的应用原理和方法.介绍该技术的使用思路和实施关键,指出了该技术的应用是农业信息化建设中的重要一环.     

不同基质配比对盆栽香菜生长及品质的影响

以“大叶香菜”为试验材料,设置T1（草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1）、T2（草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶有机肥=6∶1∶1∶2）、T3（草炭∶蛭石∶有机肥=3∶1∶1）、T4（草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶有机肥=2∶1∶1∶1）、T5（草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶有机肥=1∶1∶1∶1）和T6（草炭∶蛭石∶有机肥=2∶1∶1）共6种基质配比种植盆栽香菜,研究不同基质配比对盆栽香菜生长及品质的影响。结果表明,T4处理的盆栽香菜茎粗、根长和根体积等生长指标优于其他处理,全株鲜质量相对较大,为2.854 g,全株干质量具有最大值,为0.384 g。T4处理的品质指标可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量和叶绿素含量也相对较高,分别为37.78、0.20和2.02 mg/g。因此,建议使用草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶有机肥=2∶1∶1∶1的基质配比进行盆栽香菜的种植。      

澜沧江源区浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的指示作用

为了探究澜沧江源区水生态现状与变化趋势,在干流囊谦段布置多昌、扎曲大桥及香达3个监测点,支流选择子曲的下拉秀、尕麻和野吉尼玛3个监测点,共计6个监测点位,于2016年7月(夏季)和10月(秋季)对澜沧江源区干流及其支流浮游植物进行了调查,以期为三江源区水生态保护与管理提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)记录浮游植物7门、47种,其中硅藻(21种)和绿藻(14种)为主要成分,分别占总种类数的45%和30%;时空差异明显,夏季较秋季种类丰富,支流较干流种类丰富;优势种以硅藻为主,其中针杆藻(Synedra sp.)为两季度绝对优势种;(2)澜沧江源区浮游植物密度为5.4×10~4～230×10~4个/L,平均密度为79×10~4个/L,硅藻贡献最大;时空差异明显,秋季高于夏季,支流高于干流;(3)浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)夏季为2.32,秋季为2.72,Pielou均匀度指数(J)夏季为0.73,秋季为0.70。研究显示,澜沧江源区水质介于极贫营养至中营养之间,处于轻度污染至无污染状态,水生态状况整体优良。     

东海区拖虾渔业概况分析

虾类是东海区的主要捕捞对象之一。东海区的拖虾渔业以虾类为主要捕捞目标,发展之初对于促进捕捞结构调整、减轻主要经济鱼类的捕捞压力起了重要作用。但是随着该种作业方式生产规模的不断扩大、生产渔船和渔具的大型化,渔获物中经济虾类和兼捕幼虾的矛盾日益突出,对东海区的渔业资源造成较大程度的破环。本文主要介绍了东海区拖虾渔业的发展和资源概况,主要经济虾类的种类、分布、作业渔船的产量和数量变化,分析了东海区拖虾渔业中存在的问题和所采取的措施,并提出了解决问题的建议。     

上海市滩涂冬季底栖硅藻种类组成和生态分布

报道了上海市滩涂冬季底栖硅藻的种类组成、生态特征和数量分布情况。样品于2005年12月从7个站点中采集。经处理、镜检观察,从中鉴定出硅藻有90个分类单位,包括64种和22变种2变型(有两个未定种名),分别隶属于2纲6目9科27属。从水体咸度来看,淡水种类最多,为52个分类单位,占总数的57.78%;从温度性质来看,广温种占优势,有65个分类单位,占72.22%;从生活习性来看,底栖种占优势,有77个分类单位,占87.5%。数量分析表明,底栖硅藻细胞丰度变化为6.25×106~16.25×106cells/m2,平均为10.43×106cells/m2,在吴淞口站点含量最高。优势种为肘状针杆藻尖喙变种、斯氏布纹藻、膨胀桥弯藻和卵形双菱藻等,它们在各站点中都有分布,分别占总数的13.42%、12.56%、14.00%、9.88%。     

In vitro differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from mouse embryonic stem cells

AIM: To explore the effects of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone on inducing mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate into exocrine pancreatic cells in vitro. METHODS: E14 mouse ES cells were cultured in suspension to form embryonic bodies (EBs). The EBs were cultured with differentiating medium containing different concentrations of sodium butyrate, and the spontaneously differentiated ES cells were used as control. Exocrine pancreatic genes such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR at different time points to determine the optimal concentration and exposure time of sodium butyrate. Furthermore, activin A or dexamthasone was also used to explore the effects on exocrine differentiation. After that, the combination of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone was used to promote the differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from ES cells. During the differentiation course, the gene expressions of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR. Morphological changes were investigated by phase contrast microscopy. Amylase expression was examined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Exocrine pancreatic gene expressions such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected in spontaneously differentiated EBs. A relatively lower concentration of sodium butyrate with a shorter exposure time significantly promoted those above gene expressions as compared to that of spontaneously differentiated EBs. Activin A and dexamethasone induced upregulation of exocrine gene expression. The combination of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase. Under the treatment of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone, differentiated cells were polygonal in shape with large, round, and center-situated nuclei. According to the observation of immunofluorescence staining, amylase was positive expressed at the final stage. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that exocrine pancreatic differentiation of ES cells is induced by sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamethasone. The combination of pancreatic inducing factors improves the differentiating efficiency.     

水轮机组振动故障诊断和试验研究

振动故障严重影响水轮机组的正常运行和发电效益,要清除振动故障,必须认清振动的原因,找准振源。从机械、水力、电气等三个方面分析了引起水轮机组振动的主要原因及特征。介绍了转速、励磁和负荷试验在水轮机振动故障诊断中的应用,通过分析某电站现场振动试验中各部位振动及水压脉动的幅值随机组运行工况变化的规律,找出了引起该机组振动的原因和处理方法,具体说明了试验法在水轮机组振动故障诊断和处理中的应用。