农村非正式组织对农户收入影响的实证分析——以浙江省慈溪市为例

农民作为“三农”改革中受影响最深的群体，有着强烈的利益表达愿望，目前农村生产现状及国家相关法制尚不完善，使得农户的利益受到了损害，农户需要寻找一种途径来使自己受损的这部分利益得到补偿。在这种情况下，非正式组织的出现很好地弥补了这一空缺。国家可以根据非正式组织的特点，了解其运行模式的优越性，制定并健全相关政策制度，进行正面引导；另外对一些具有正面借鉴意义的非正式组织进行保护和支持，派遣相应的技术人员进行实地指导和培训，同时国家可以给予适当的补助，使其健康有序持续发展。     

microRNA在骨骼肌发育中的功能及其表达的营养调控

microRNA( miRNA)是真核生物中一类参与调控基因表达的非编码小分子RNA,它通过翻译抑制和使靶mRNA降解,在基因表达中起着负调控作用,与骨骼肌发育、疾病等密切相关.营养可以调控miRNA及其靶基因的表达,这将为更深层次诠释营养素的作用机理提供新的研究方向.本文综述了miRNA的结构和作用机制、骨骼肌miR...     

甲壳素对连作平邑甜茶生长、光合及抗氧化酶的影响

以苹果连作土盆栽的平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,探讨了0、0.5、1.0和2.5 g·kg-1不同施入量的甲壳素对其光合速率、活性氧含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1.0 g·kg-1的甲壳素处理能显著促进幼苗株高、地径,干样质量和根冠比的增加,根冠比为对照的1.51倍;明显提高了幼苗叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,其中光合速率为对照的1.30倍;同时提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,分别为对照的1.10倍、1.85倍、1.77倍和1.43倍;减少了叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子的积累,分别为对照的73%、62%和34%,降低了脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖含量。当甲壳素施用量为2.5 g·kg-1时则显著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗生长,降低幼苗叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶活性,并使超氧阴离子和脯氨酸含量明显上升。因此,适宜用量的甲壳素能减轻苹果的连作障碍。     

苗盘烟雾消毒方法对烤烟苗盘处理效果研究

为了验证苗盘烟雾消毒方法对烤烟苗盘的处理效果和安全性,试验设计了常规高锰酸钾消毒和苗盘烟雾消毒2种方法,结果表明:苗盘烟雾消毒方法省工省时,药剂用量和耗水量少,对烤烟苗盘有着较好的消毒效果,且对烟苗生长没有负面作用。     

枯草芽孢杆菌在番茄病害防治上的应用与研究进展

综述了枯草芽孢杆菌在防治植物病害中的生防机制,包括竞争作用、拮抗作用、溶菌作用、诱导植物产生抗性和促进植物生长5个方面,介绍了枯草芽孢杆菌在6种番茄病害即灰霉病、青枯病、早疫病、立枯病、枯萎病、根腐病防治中的应用,并对其应用中存在的主要问题进行了总结、前景进行了展望。     

Analysis of the independent-and interactive-photo-thermal effects on soybean flowering

Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) is a typical short-day and warm season plant, and the interval between emergence and flowering has long been known to be regulated by environmental factors, primarily photoperiod and temperature. While the effects of photoperiod and temperature on soybean flowering have been extensively studied, a dissection of the component photo-thermal effects has not been documented for Chinese germplasm. Our objective of the current study was to evaluate the independent- and interactive-photo-thermal responses of 71 cultivars from 6 ecotypes spanning the soybean production regions in China. These cultivars were subjected in pot experiments to different temperature regimes by planting in spring(low temperature(LT)) and summer(high temperature(HT)), and integrating with short day(SD, 12 h), natural day(ND, variable day-length), and long day(LD, 16 h) treatments over two years. The duration of the vegetative phase from emergence to first bloom(R1) was recorded, and the photo-thermal response was calculated. The outcome of this characterization led to the following conclusions:(1) There were significant differences in photo-thermal response among the different ecotypes. High-latitude ecotypes were less sensitive to the independent- and interactive-photo-thermal effects than low-latitude ecotypes; and(2) there was an interaction between photoperiod and temperature, with the effect of photoperiod on thermal sensitivity being greater under the LD than the SD condition, and with the effect of temperature on photoperiodic sensitivity being greater under the LT than the HT condition. The strengths and limitations of this study are discussed in terms of implications for current knowledge and future research directions. The study provides better understanding of photo-thermal effects on flowering in soybean genotypes from different ecotypes throughout China and of the implications for their adaptation more broadly.     

抗条纹叶枯病基因STV11的功能性分子标记建立及粳型抗源筛选

条纹叶枯病是水稻(Oryza sativa L.)上最严重的病害之一。STV11是从籼稻Kasalath中鉴定的条纹叶枯病抗性基因,根据Kasalath型条纹叶枯病基因STV11 KAS6个碱基缺失的功能性多态性序列差异,设计基于PCR的功能性分子标记qstv11。利用此标记对299份试验材料[5份抗病品种、5份感病品种、41份辽宁省育种材料、17份日本粳型材料、142份秋光/七山占重组自交系(群体A)、85份笹锦/Habataki//笹锦回交重组自交系(群体B)、群体亲本4份]进行基因型分析并进行抗病性鉴定。结果表明,qstv11能够较好区分抗感基因型,而且在测试材料中与条纹叶枯抗性整体呈现共分离。41份辽宁材料中鉴定出含有STV11-R(抗)材料1份;日本粳型材料该位点均为STV11-S(感);群体A和B中分别筛选出粳稻背景STV11-R型材料24份和6份。     

黄花蒿提取物对菜蚜的杀虫活性研究

以丙酮、乙醇及水作溶剂，研究了黄花蒿全株干粉的3种溶剂提取物及其提取物不同浓度对菜蚜的触杀和胃毒活性。结果表明3种提取物对蚜虫都具有较强的毒杀活性，回归分析表明随着浓度升高杀虫时间缩短。LD50结果说明丙酮提取物的杀虫活性最强，乙醇提取物次之，最次是水提取物。独立样本t检验比较触杀效果和胃毒效果，表明黄花蒿各提取物均是触杀效果高于胃毒作用。