椰心叶甲的天敌——椰心叶甲啮小蜂在田间扩散距离测定

采用软皮尺实地丈量,使用OP3000水准仪测量和使用地球定位仪———Gps72测定椰心叶甲的天敌———椰心叶甲啮小蜂在田间释放后的扩散距离及向上扩散的高度。结果表明:椰心叶甲啮小蜂在田间有一定的向周边扩散能力,在田间释放后20d,啮小蜂可向周边扩散10~50m。7个月后,最远可扩散6 km。扩散距离与风向有关,东北风较多情况下,向西南扩散最远距离可达6060 m,向东北方向扩散仅仅890 m。啮小蜂在田间扩散呈椭圆形状向各方向扩散,顺风面扩散距离远、范围较大。     

藏北羌塘牧民家庭人口特征和收入构成之间的关系

为探讨牧民家庭人口特征和收入构成之间的关系,通过半结构式访谈调查了藏北羌塘高寒草甸、高寒草原和荒漠草原区682户牧民,比较了其家庭规模、劳动力、抚养比、草场面积、放牧强度、家庭收入及其多样性的差异,结合多元线性回归评价了家庭人口特征对收入构成的影响。结果显示：羌塘地区牧民家庭规模大（5.3人·户^-1）、抚养比高（0.62）、劳动力充足（3人·户^-1）但受教育年限短（2.3年）,高度依赖政策性收入;高寒草甸区牧民家庭规模、劳动力数量及受教育年限、抚养比和放牧强度等指标显著高于高寒草原和荒漠草原区（P<0.05）,后两者之间无显著差异;荒漠草原区牧民家庭草场面积和政策性收入较高（P<0.05）;家庭规模、文盲率和抚养比是影响高寒草原和荒漠草原牧民收入构成的主要因子,人口特征对高寒草甸牧民收入影响不显著。综上所述,建议分区精准施策以提高牧民生计。     

Adverse events associated with pericardiocentesis in dogs: 85 cases (1999–2006)

Objective – To quantify the frequency of adverse events occurring during or post pericardiocentesis and to determine if adverse events are related to the cause of the pericardial effusion or frequency of pericardiocentesis.
Design – Retrospective study.
Setting – Referral hospital.
Animals, Intervention and Measurements – Medical records of 85 dogs that underwent 112 episodes of pericardiocentesis were reviewed. Any adverse events during pericardiocentesis and in the 48 hours post pericardiocentesis were noted. The frequency of adverse events was compared between dogs with a suspected neoplastic cause and a suspected nonneoplastic cause of their pericardial effusion and also between the first and subsequent pericardiocenteses.
Main Results – The incidence of adverse events was 10.7% within 1 hour of pericardiocentesis and 15.2% within 48 hours. There was no significant difference in the frequency of adverse events between the groups. Most adverse events identified were dysrhythmias. Forty-one percent of those dogs with adverse events were euthanized or died within 48 hours.
Conclusion – The incidence of adverse events seen within 48 hours of pericardiocentesis was 15.2%.     

辣椒疫霉侵染拟南芥的酵母双杂交cDNA文库构建及其应用

正辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)是一种重要的植物病原卵菌,其寄主范围较广,可引起辣椒、番茄、黄瓜、南瓜等多种重要蔬菜作物的疫病。辣椒疫病是一种毁灭性病害,在田间发病经常造成幼苗猝倒、茎秆枯死和果实腐烂,危害相当严重,每年给全世界蔬菜产业造成的损失就高达10亿美元~([1])。辣椒疫病1918年在美国首次发生,之后在世界范围内迅速扩展。20世纪50年代我国最早在江苏     

阿维菌素和氟虫腈对粘虫的毒杀作用比较

测试比较了γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体毒剂阿维菌素、氟虫腈对粘虫的生物活性及体内GABA和谷氨酸(Glu)含量的影响。结果表明,阿维菌素对粘虫5龄幼虫的LD50为0.072 μg/头,而氟虫腈则为8.920 μg/头;阿维菌素的中毒症状分为麻痹期和死亡期,而氟虫腈的中毒症状可以明显地分为兴奋、痉挛、昏迷和死亡4个阶段。两种药剂均会造成试虫体内GABA和Glu代谢异常,其中阿维菌素可致Glu含量增加约1.8倍,使GABA的含量降低,在深度麻痹期仅为对照的71.3%;而氟虫腈可使Glu的含量先增加,在痉挛期达到对照的1.2倍,后降低至与对照同一水平,GABA则先保持不变,但粘虫昏迷后GABA含量降至对照的76.7%。     

人工感染鸭源新城疫病毒对绍鸭β-防御素和细胞因子基因表达的影响

试验旨在探讨人工感染鸭源新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV）对绍鸭β-防御素（avian β-defensins,AvBDs）和细胞因子基因表达的影响。选用45只20日龄SPF绍鸭,随机分为攻毒组（27只）和对照组（18只）,攻毒组采用滴鼻点眼的途径（10^8.38 EID₅₀）接种鸭源NDV强毒株（Md/CH/LGD/1/2005）,对照组接种磷酸盐缓冲液。在攻毒后24和48 h,从对照组及攻毒组各随机取6只鸭屠宰,分别采集肾脏、肺脏、气管、腺胃、骨髓、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德氏腺、法氏囊9个组织,运用实时荧光定量PCR法检测组织样品中9种AvBDs和细胞因子的表达量;剩余鸭每天持续观察,每隔4 d采血1次,直至24 d,检测血清抗体水平;于攻毒后24、48、72和120 h采集咽喉及泄殖腔拭子,以确定排毒周期。结果表明,感染该NDV毒株后,鸭没有临床发病症状和死亡情况发生;感染后鸭排毒开始于攻毒后第1天,到第5天停止,在攻毒组咽喉及泄殖腔拭子中均检测到NDV。抗体水平检测结果显示,该NDV能够诱导鸭体内产生抗NDV特异抗体。实时荧光定量PCR结果发现,与对照组相比,感染后24 h,部分鸭组织中AvBD1、AvBD2、AvBD5、AvBD6、AvBD9和AvBD16表达量均显著升高（P<0.05）;感染后48 h,AvBD1和AvBD6在部分鸭组织中表达量均显著上调（P<0.05）;感染后48 h法氏囊中白细胞介素6（IL-6）和脾脏中干扰素γ（IFN-γ）的表达量明显低于感染后24 h的表达量。综上所述,该鸭源NDV毒株感染可诱导绍鸭体内在早期产生天然免疫反应,这些反应可能与病毒在机体内复制有关。     

不同卵密度与培养条件对夜蛾斯氏线虫侵染期幼虫形成的影响

利用24孔培养板研究不同营养水平、pH值、温度和卵密度对夜蛾斯氏线虫侵染期幼虫形成的影响。结果表明:在Ringer溶液中,无论卵密度高低,卵或初孵幼虫均很快死亡;在10%基本培养液营养水平条件下线虫的发育停滞在二龄阶段;20%~100%的基本培养液营养水平下,侵染期幼虫的形成比率同营养水平呈负相关,与线虫卵密度呈正相关;适宜线虫向发育期三龄幼虫发育的pH值为7~8,温度为20~25℃,高于或低于此pH值或温度范围均可促使侵染期幼虫的形成;夜蛾斯氏线虫在pH值小于5或温度高于30℃条件下会很快死亡。     

青海微孔草经济价值及开发利用前景

微孔草是一种野生珍稀油料植物。本文通过对青海微孔草生物学特性及分布、生态学特性及经济价值的分析,指出微孔草富含r-亚麻酸,具有较高的营养价值和保健价值,并对微孔草的开发利用前景进行了分析。     

Neuroprotective effect of fasudil combined with bone marrow-derived neural stem cells on mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

AIM: To explore the neuroprotective effect of fasudil combined with bone marrow-derived neural stem cells (BM-NSCs) on the mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice (8~10 weeks old, n=32) were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG_35-55) to establish chronic EAE model. The mice were randomly divided into control (ddH₂O) group, fasudil group, BM-NSCs group, and fasudil+BM-NSCs group. The clinical score and body weight were recorded every other day. The expression of neurotrophic factors was determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: In comparison with ddH₂O group, fasudil combined with BM-NSCs delayed onset and ameliorated severity of EAE. The numbers of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and ciliary neurotrophic factor positive cells in fasudil group, BM-NSCs group and fasudil+BM-NSCs group were all increased in various extents. In particularly, the expression of these neurotrophic factors in fasudil+BM-NSCs group was significantly higher than that in the mice treated with fasudil or BM-NSCs alone (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Fasudil combined with BM-NSCs promotes the expression of neurotrophic factors and improves microenvironment of central nervous system, thus playing a positive role in neural restoration and regeneration through a synergistic and superimposed effect.     

地衣芽孢杆菌CP-16脂类水解酶的研究

本试验旨在通过异源表达获得地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)CP-16的脂类水解酶,并探究其在羽毛降解过程中的作用。试验以地衣芽孢杆菌CP-16基因组DNA为模板,扩增脂类水解酶基因,转化入大肠杆菌中表达,获得重组酶L-4。研究重组酶L-4的适宜p H、p H稳定性、适宜温度、温度稳定性以及有机溶剂和金属离子对其相对活性的影响,同时探究其对角蛋白酶K水解天然羽毛角蛋白的作用。结果显示,获得的脂类水解酶基因大小为747 bp,编码248个氨基酸,在大肠杆菌中成功表达出重组酶L-4,其分子质量约为28.3 ku,酯酶活性为0.42 U/m L,适宜p H为6.5,适宜温度为50℃;在p H 6.5~9.5条件下处理30 min相对活性保持80%以上,在低于50℃温度条件下处理30 min相对活性保持70%以上。二价铁离子(Fe~(2+))、钠离子(Na~+)、锰离子(Mn~(2+))、钙离子(Ca~(2+))对重组酶L-4相对活性具有激发作用,钡离子(Ba~(2+))、锌离子(Zn~(2+))、铜离子(Cu~(2+))、镍离子(Ni~(2+))对重组酶L-4相对活性具有抑制作用。当有机溶剂浓度为30%时,重组酶L-4在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和甲醇中保存97%和85%的相对活性,在丙酮、乙醇中保存45%以上的相对活性,在异丙醇中保存不到20%的相对活性,而在乙腈中相对活性基本完全丧失。用重组酶L-4预处理天然羽毛底物,可提高角蛋白酶K对底物的水解效率,促进率为4.32%。由此可见,脂类水解酶可降解羽毛表层脂质,可在促进角蛋白酶水解羽毛角蛋白中发挥作用。