Adrenocortical suppression in the dog given a single intramuscular dose of prednisone or triamcinolone acetonide

Adrenocortical function was assessed in dogs given a single intramuscular dose of either prednisone or triamcinolone acetonide (TCA; or saline solution to controls) to determine the duration of adrenocortical suppression caused by 2 commonly used glucocorticoids. The glucocorticoids were administered at recommended therapeutic doses; therefore, dogs given prednisone received a greater amount of glucocorticoid activity than did in dogs given TCA. Basal and ACTH-stimulated plasma cortisol concentrations, as determined by radioimmunoassay, were obtained once a week. Total intravascular eosinophil concentration and skin responses to intradermally injected histamine phosphate were quantitated. Dogs given TCA showed suppressed basal and ACTH-stimulated plasma cortisol concentrations 1 week after injection; the latter change persisted 2 weeks after injection. Adrenocortical function in 1 of 4 dogs given TCA remained suppressed for 4 weeks. In contrast, prednisone did not significantly alter adrenocortical function. Although intravascular eosinophil concentrations did not vary among groups, skin responses to intradermally injected histamine phosphate were reduced 6 days after prednisone and TCA were given.     

Strangulation of the duodenum just oral to its caudal flexura caused by a volvulus

An 8-year-old Haflinger mare with a 10-day-old foal at foot was referred with mild abdominal pain. On the basis of clinical examination, blood and peritoneal fluid analysis, the cause of pain was suspected septic peritonitis. The horse was initially managed medically, with the horse placed in box confinement under close monitoring. No permission was given for an exploratory laparotomy, and it was decided to perform a diagnostic laparoscopy in the standing horse. The laparoscopy revealed a 360-degree anticlockwise partial duodenal volvulus of the caudal descending duodenum, which was manually reduced (hand-assisted laparoscopy). After the release, the mesentery of the duodenum showed an ischaemic band (yellowish white and dark red with a hyperaemic side) and the duodenum had a distinct ischaemic ring (orally and aborally) distinguishing the incarcerated part from the normal duodenum. Ten minutes after the release, the colour remained the same. In conjunction with the owner, it was decided to euthanise the pony. Pathology confirmed the presence of a strangulation ring and the ischaemic condition of the involved duodenum.     

Immune and bone properties of chicks consuming corn contaminated with a Fusarium that induces dyschondroplasia

A study was conducted to contrast the dyschondroplasia-inducing capability of several species of Fusarium with that of the natural fungi found in poultry diets and litter. Day-old broiler chicks were fed pure corn cultures of specific fungal isolates for 3 weeks. Humoral immunity to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), body weight, valgus and varus leg deformities, incidence of dyschondroplasia, and mechanical properties of the tibiotarsi were examined. F. equiseti #15 was the only fungal isolate to induce dyschondroplasia to any significant degree, which confirmed previous work in Minnesota. This isolate also suppressed growth rate and humoral immunity, although dyschondroplasia sometimes did occur without associated immunosuppression and growth depression. Bone strength of the tibiotarsal diaphysis was normal, and gross lesions of valgus and varus leg deformities did not appear to be related to the incidence of dyschondroplasia in the 3-week-old chicks.     

The use of partly-hydrolyzed and untreated straw meal in the feeding of breeding sows. 5. Concentration, production and absorption of volatile fatty acids in the large intestine

In 2 experiments with a total of 28 breeding sows of the country species studies were made of the fermentation, production and absorption of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the large intestine after feeding variously treated straw materials in concentrate--straw meal mixtures. Experiment 1 ascertained that supplements of untreated (I), HCl treated (II) and partly hydrolysed straw meal (III, treatment with subsequent steaming) caused a decrease of the VFA concentration as well as considerable molar changes of the VFA in the caecal and colonal digesta in comparison of the sole feeding with concentrate (IV). The straw fibre integration increased the molar acetate quota at the expense decreased propionate and butyrate fermentation. Considering the straw meal variants this effects was least distinct after the feeding of partly hydrolysed straw meal (III). In experiment 2, which comprised the simultaneous ascertainment of VFA production in the feeding variants I and III and which was based on a representative number of animals per test group (n = 10), there were significant differences between the production quotas (I = 992; III = 1,300 mmol/animal.d) and in the absorption quotas of VFA (I = 63; II = 78%). The digestible energy from the VFA in the large intestine amounted to 711 kJ/d (I) and 1,183 kJ/d (III). The derived higher net energy gain from the hydrolysed straw product (III) was calculated at 590 kJ (40EFUpig/kg DM) and discussed together with results of feed value increase from the digestibility experiments.     

Surgical reconstruction of a ruptured medial collateral ligament in a foal

An avulsed carpal medial collateral ligament was diagnosed by clinical and radiographic examination in a 1-day-old foal that was unable to bear weight on the affected limb. The foal had a valgus deviation originating at the carpus and medial to lateral instability of the affected carpus. The ligament was reconstructed with screws and suture tape. Surgical reconstruction is a viable alternative to long-term casting or splinting for treatment of a ruptured carpal medial collateral ligament in a foal.     

Disease prevalence in Georgia turkey flocks in 1986

Disease prevalence in turkeys was estimated by totaling the flock size of necropsy cases submitted to the University of Georgia in 1986 for each disease reported and comparing it with the population at risk. Fowl cholera was the most prevalent disease in both commercial tom flocks (18.0%) and breeder hen flocks (14.7%). Prevalence of colibacillosis was 15.9% in commercial tom flocks, and prevalence of aspergillosis was 8.5% in commercial tom and 4.9% in breeder hen flocks.