Multi-atom resonant photoemission: A method for determining near-neighbor atomic identities and bonding

Measurements and theoretical calculations are reported for an interatomic multi-atom resonant photoemission (MARPE) effect that permits direct determination of near-neighbor atomic identities (atomic numbers). MARPE occurs when the photon energy is tuned to a core-level absorption edge of an atom neighboring the emitting atom, with the emitting level having a lower binding energy than the resonant level. Large peak-intensity enhancements of 33 to 105 percent and energy-integrated effects of 11 to 29 percent were seen in three metal oxides. MARPE should also be sensitive to bond distance, bonding type, and magnetic order, and be observable via the secondary processes of x-ray fluorescence and Auger decay.     

Variation in resistance to the cabbage aphid ( Brevicoryne brassicae) between and within wild and cultivated Brassica species

Seven Brassica species were evaluated for their resistance to the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, in a series of field experiments. Four wild Brassica species, two 8 chromosome species with similarities to the B genome of Brassica nigra (Brassica fruticulosa and Brassica spinescens) and two 9 chromosome species containing the C genome (Brassica incana and Brassica villosa) were identified as possessing consistently high levels of antibiosis mediated resistance to B. brassicae. None of the species were shown to possess consistently high levels of antixenosis resistance. In more detailed glasshouse experiments one B-like genome species, B. fruticulosa, showed considerable variation between accessions collected from different sites for resistance to B. brassicae. In addition, individual accessions of one A genome species (Brassica rapa) and one C genome species (Brassica alboglabra) were shown to be highly variable in their resistance to B. brassicae, some plants of each accession being highly resistant and others very susceptible. The implications of the variability in resistance to B. brassicae within wild Brassica species for exploitation in Brassica breeding programmes are discussed.     

Coccidosis caused by Eimeria scabra in a finishing hog

Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria scabra was diagnosed in a 60-kg finishing hog with severe diarrhea and weight loss. Fresh and fixed tissues from a farrowing to finishing operation in eastern Georgia were submitted. Examination of hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of small intestine revealed large numbers of thick-walled oocysts and large macrogamonts. Although coccidiosis has been associated with diarrhea in baby pigs, coccidiosis as a cause of diarrhea in finishing swine is seldom reported.     

Relationship of Lower Urinary Tract Signs to Seropositivity for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in Cats

A group of 41 cats with signs of lower urinary tract disease was compared to a group of 41 cats without any history of disease for prevalence of seropositivity for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The group of healthy cats was similar in age and gender to the group of cats with signs of lower urinary tract disease. Three of the cats with lower urinary tract disease and one control cat were seropositive for FIV.
This difference was not statistically significant. The most common cause of lower urinary tract signs was idiopathic. Only 7 cats had urinary tract infection, most associated with perineal urethrostomy or catheterization. Six of the cats with bacterial urinary tract infections were FIV negative. J Vet Intern Med 1996;10:34–38. Copyright © 1996 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine .     

Efficacy of nitroscanate against naturally acquired infection with Ancylostoma caninum, Dipylidium caninum, and Trichuris vulpis in dogs

Eighteen dogs with naturally acquired helminth infections were used to evaluate the efficacy of nitroscanate against Ancylostoma caninum, Dipylidium caninum, and Trichuris vulpis. Approximately 15 minutes before treatment, the dogs were given 100 to 200 g of canned dog food. Ten dogs were treated with nitroscanate (50 mg/kg of body weight, PO), and 8 dogs were given placebo tablets PO. The dogs were euthanatized and necropsied 10 days after treatment and helminths were recovered from the small intestine and cecum. On the basis of the number of worms recovered from treated dogs vs the number recovered from control dogs, we determined the efficacy of nitroscanate to be 99.6% against A caninum, 99.8% against D caninum, and 0% against T vulpis.     

Surgical management of rectal prolapse in an Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis).

An acute rectal mucosal prolapse in a 26-yr-old Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) was repaired surgically by mucosal resection. Two days postoperatively, suture line dehiscence accompanied by substantial hemorrhage was managed by ligation and hemostasis during a second immobilization. Medical management with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and diuretics reduced the mucosal edema and prevented recurrence of the prolapse. A combination of butorphanol and detomidine provided excellent reversible chemical restraint for this animal.     

Cell-substratum adhesive protein involved in surface contact responses of the bean rust fungus

Uredospore germlings of the bean rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus display two contact-sensitive responses on leaves or certain synthetic surfaces: a specific orientation of germ tubes and an induction of appressoria at leaf stomates or scratched surfaces. Germ tube orientation, nuclear division (used as a marker for appressorium formation) and germling adhesion on scratched “Parafilm” was reduced by the proteolytic enzyme, pronasc E (ED₅₀ = 20–50 μg ml⁻¹), but not by the heat denatured proteolytic enzyme. Forty micrograms of pronase E per millilitre significantly reduced nuclear division of germlings incubated on either a hydrophilic or a hydrophobic surface. Pronase E reduced adhesion regardless of whether the enzyme was applied during growth or after attachment had occurred, although higher concentrations were required after attachment had occurred. The data suggest that extracellular protein is required for germling adhesion to a substratum and that adhesion is required for germ tube orientation and thigmodifferentiation.We partially characterized the composition of the bean rust extracellular material and analyzed for proteins on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Intact germlings have six predominant extracellular peptides detected by ¹²⁵I labelling. Spent culture fluid contains several different peptides; four of the five major peptides in the spent culture fluid are glycosylated.     

Guidelines for zoo and aquarium veterinary medical programs and veterinary hospitals

These guidelines for veterinary medical care and veterinary hospitals are written to conform with the requirements of the Animal Welfare Act, which states that programs of disease prevention and parasite control, euthanasia, and adequate veterinary care shall be established and maintained under the supervision of a veterinarian. Ideally the zoo and aquarium should be providing the best possible veterinary medical care for the animals in their collections. Many of these animals are rare and endangered and the institutions should endeavor both to provide for the long term health and well being of these animals and to advance the field of non-domestic animal medicine. It is hoped that this publication will aid in this process.     

Characterisation of target-site resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in the weed Alopecurus myosuroides (black-grass)

Resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP), cyclohexanedione (CHD) and phenylurea herbicides was determined in UK populations of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Two populations (Oxford AA1, Notts. A1) were highly resistant (Resistance indices 13-->1000) to the AOPP and CHD herbicides fenoxaprop, diclofop, fluazifop-P and sethoxydim, but only marginally resistant to the phenylurea, chlorotoluron. Analyses of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) activity showed that an insensitive ACCase conferred resistance to all the AOPP/CHD herbicides investigated. Another population, Oxford S1, showed no resistance to sethoxydim at the population level, but contained a small proportion of plants (<10%) with an insensitive ACCase. Genetic studies on the Notts A1 and Oxford S1 populations demonstrated that target site resistance conferred by an insensitive ACCase is monogenic, nuclearly inherited with the resistant allele showing complete dominance. Investigations of the molecular basis of resistance in the Notts A1 population showed that sethoxydim resistance in A myosuroides was associated with the substitution of an isoleucine in susceptible with a leucine in resistant plants, which has also been found in three other resistant grass-weed species (Setaria viridis (L) Beauv, Avena fatua L, Lolium rigidum Gaud).