植原体基因组学研究进展

植原体（phytoplasma）是一类重要的植物病原细菌, 可经叶蝉、飞虱等昆虫介体传播, 感染1 000多种植物, 产生丛枝、黄化、韧皮部黑斑坏死等症状, 给农业、林业生产带来巨大的损失。本文对植原体基因组学研究的历史、现状及当前植原体效应蛋白等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

保幼激素类似物对红火蚁的作用研究进展

我国发现红火蚁已有4年,但防治技术、产品依然匮乏。为了改善、提高我国红火蚁的防治技术水平,本文就保幼激素类似物(JHA)对红火蚁的作用表现和防治效果进行了总结分析。JHA可以造成蚁后卵巢萎缩、产卵量减少,导致发育畸形和蚁群等级比例失调,如工蚁数量减少、生殖型幼虫比例以及处女蚁后数量增加等,并最终导致整个蚁群死亡。JHA杀虫剂活性高、低残毒、对环境污染小,在田间防治红火蚁效果彻底,并可有效地防止防治区红火蚁种群的再入侵（re invasion）,但JHA毒饵也存在着防治效果缓慢等问题。本文就克服此类问题作了初步的探讨。     

Implication and challenges of direct-fed microbial supplementation to improve ruminant production and healthOA

Direct-fed microbials(DFMs) are feed additives containing live naturally existing microbes that can benefit animals’ health and production performance. Due to the banned or strictly limited prophylactic and growth promoting usage of antibiotics, DFMs have been considered as one of antimicrobial alternatives in livestock industry.Microorganisms used as DFMs for ruminants usually consist of bacteria including lactic acid producing bacteria,lactic acid utilizing bacteria and other bacterial groups,...     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.     

Investigation and integrated molecular diagnosis of root-knot nematodes in Panax notoginseng root in the field

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) are damaging pests that can infect thousands of plant species and cause enormous crop losses worldwide. Panax notoginseng is a common host of root-knot nematodes. In this study, we surveyed notoginseng gardens and determined the incidence of RKNs. Among the gardens surveyed, 71 % were infected with RKNs, and the RKN incidence index ranged from 8 % to 47 % in three randomly infected gardens. Meloidogyne hapla was identified as the pathogenic nematode based on 18S ribosomal RNA analysis by DNA barcoding. The results were qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed using a real-time PCR assay according to variations in the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. These results indicated that the combination of DNA barcoding and real-time PCR is a reliable and precise method for identifying parasitic nematodes from mixed-infected plant roots in the field. In addition, the abundance of ITS1 and ITS2 displayed a similar trend to the numbers of RKNs in the three gardens, which suggests that the results of real-time PCR can be used to determine the damage caused by M. hapla in the field. Our studies show that RKNs are common and can cause serious damage to notoginseng. We present an integrated method of detecting mixed nematode species in the field and confirm M. hapla as the target for parasitic nematode control in notoginseng gardens. Our results contribute to the improvement of RKN control in notoginseng and further promote the sustainable development of medicinal plants.     

山羊成纤维生长因子受体（FGFR1）基因的多态性检测

选择与羊同源性较高的牛FGFR1基因组序列（NM_001110207）设计3对特异性引物,采用DNA池PCR直接测序法快速检测黔北麻羊FGFR1基因的多态性,并以内蒙古白绒山羊和关中奶山羊比较,结果表明：在引PCR产物中只有黔北麻羊检测到多态,分别处于外显子5和内含子5的T133C和C211T的碱基突变,而其他2个品种...     

护理管理者领导力现状调查及影响因素分析

目的：调查护理管理者领导力现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用管理者实践量表、一般自我效能感量表、职业倦怠量表、角色认知量表对浙江省210名护理管理者进行问卷调查。结果共发放问卷210份,回收有效问卷182份,有效回收率为86．67％。本组护理管理者的领导力得分为（37．70±5．30）分;是否经常阅读管理书籍、是否参与护士长的分层培训、任命方式以及是否经过护士长岗前培训的护理管理者的领导力得分情况比较,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为－3．608,－7．136,2．343,－2．511;P＜0．05）。领导力与角色认知中的角色模糊、自我效能感以及职业倦怠中的个人成就感均呈正相关,与角色认知中的角色冲突以及职业倦怠中的情绪枯竭、去人格化因子呈负相关（ r值分别为0．589,0.521,0．509,－0．323,－0．291,－0．227;P＜0．01）。多元线性回归分析显示,角色认知中的角色模糊因子、是否参加护士长分层培训、职业倦怠中的个人成就感因子、自我效能感和是否阅读管理书籍为领导力的影响因素（P＜0．05）。结论领导力与护士长的角色认知、自我效能感、职业倦怠及是否分层培训均相关。管理者的分层培训有利于领导力的培养和提升,明确角色定位、降低职业倦怠和提高自我效能感同样可以提升护士长的领导力,另外护理管理者需加强经济管理学方面的知识培训。     

监测口蹄疫抗体的液相阻断ELISA法的改进和体会

液相阻断ELISA（LBE）法由于具有高度的敏感性、特异性和重复性,目前被广泛应用于动物免疫抗体效果监测实践工作中,特别是为防控牛、羊亚洲I型口蹄疫（FMD）做出了积极的贡献。但该方法操作繁琐,稍有不慎就会导致实验结果发生偏差或试验失败,笔者就该方法应用于亚I型口蹄疫抗体检测中的改进和体会作一总结。     

5HP-25型粮食干燥机设计与试验

为了提高干燥系统的能量利用效率,增强干燥机的通用性、可靠性、作业效率和年利用率,该研究围绕增大干燥动力系数和工艺能力指数,基于粮食的物性特征,从干燥工艺方式、机械结构参数和运动参数间的内在关系入手,把几何因子和运动参数有机结合,揭示了粮食在干燥机内流动特性;按照引风降压,连续闪蒸降温,强化传热传质,自适应排粮的设计思想,研制了一款粮食通用的干燥机,实现了粮食在干燥机内连续流动过程中,自发地改变流态、连续回转换位,强化了传热传质,改善了干燥的均匀性。设计的升角为6°的变截面角状盒,与传统的横流方法相比,可使干燥动力系数增大2～4倍,干燥稻谷时的爆腰增率可控制在1%以内,发芽势提高76%以上,发芽率达到95%;设计往复式差速排粮机构,实现了自适应无损排粮,有效解决了粮食架桥、堵塞问题,避免了粮种的机械损伤。设计的5HP-25型粮食干燥机,实际应用效果显示,在粮食平均干燥强度为1.37～2.70 %/h的条件下,干燥水分单位热耗为2 900～4 300kJ/kg,与国标7 400 kJ/kg相比,降低了单位热耗量。研究结果为实现优质、高效、节能干燥工艺及装备设计提供了参考。