不同除草剂在水稻免耕田的药效试验初探

通过试验表明在水稻免耕上使用草甘膦、克无踪、百草枯、农民乐四种不同除草剂,对绝大部分杂草有较好的防除效果,但对狗牙根、雀稗、铁线草等恶性杂草普遍防除效果较差.试验同时探索了施药的方法和时间.     

微波辅助法提取剑叶龙血树茎总黄酮的工艺研究

对微波辅助法提取剑叶龙血树茎中黄酮类物质进行了研究,通过单因素及L9(34)正交实验,得到提取最佳工艺为:温度50℃,微波功率420 W,乙醇浓度90%,料液比1:10,提取时间8 min,此条件下剑叶龙血树茎总黄酮提取率为1.20%。     

Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease viruses in Vietnam

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry in Southeast Asia. In the present study, 12 field isolates of NDV were recovered from dead village chickens in Vietnam between 2007 and 2012, and were characterized. All the field isolates were classified as velogenic. Based on the sequence analysis of the F variable region, two distinct genetic groups (Vietnam genetic groups G1 and G2) were recognized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 12 field isolates fell into the class II genotype VII cluster. Ten of the field isolates, classified as Vietnam genetic group G1, were closely related to VIIh viruses that had been isolated from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia since the mid-2000s, while the other two field isolates, of Vietnam genetic group G2, clustered with VIId viruses, which were predominantly circulating in China and Far East Asia. Our results indicate that genotype VII viruses, especially VIIh viruses, are predominantly responsible for the recent epizootic of the disease in Vietnam.     

不同土壤环境因素对微塑料吸附四环素的影响

为探究不同土壤环境因素对于微塑料吸附抗生素的影响,选用三种常见的微塑料:聚乙烯(PE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚酰胺(PA),以四环素(TC)代表抗生素,通过批平衡试验来研究微塑料对TC的吸附行为和机理。研究发现,3种微塑料对TC的等温吸附方程均可用Langmuir方程进行拟合,其吸附能力为PEPSPA,最大吸附量分别为0.154、0.086、0.075 mg·g~(-1)。在中性条件下PE对TC的吸附量达到最大,pH对PA吸附TC影响较小,而PS在酸性条件下对TC的吸附量最大,且随着pH增加吸附量逐渐降低。不同浓度的Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)会影响微塑料对TC的吸附,且随着浓度的增加,吸附量逐渐降低。富里酸的存在抑制了TC在PE上的吸附,但低浓度的富里酸(1 mg·L~(-1))会促进PA和PS吸附TC。结果表明,不同微塑料对TC的吸附存在显著差异,且不同土壤环境因素明显影响了微塑料对TC的吸附行为,该结果为进一步研究和评估微塑料在土壤环境中的吸附行为奠定了基础。     

稻/草-鹅农牧结合模式的综合效益及种养技术初探

1997－1999年在江苏省常熟市构建稻／牧草－鹅复合系统，并进行田间试验，结果表明，稻／草－鹅农牧结合模式与传统的稻／麦生产模式相比，不但具有明显的社会效益，经济效益，而且能显著提高土壤肥力，有效控制冬季田间杂草，进而大幅度降低田间除草剂，杀虫剂施用量，保护农田生态环境，总结了该模式的种养式技术，并提出了该模式的发展策略。     

安徽省竹类害虫发生危害及综合治理对策

通过1988～1995年对安徽省竹类害虫的调查,查明现阶段竹类害虫223种,其中轻微发生的202种,中等发生的12种,严重发生的9种.灾害性害虫竹织叶野螟、竹笋禾夜蛾、江苏泉蝇、一字竹象在毛竹上的发生率分别为41.34%、2.52%、3.50%、0.51%,平均虫口分别为2.58头*株-1、0.05头*株-1、0.47头*株-1、0.01头*株-1,在刚杂竹上的发生率分别为43.60%、29.25%、34.32%、4.03%,平均虫口分别为2.04头*株-1、0.84头*株-1、9.86头*株-1、0.30头*株-1.测算竹类害虫的危害损失,提出综合治理对策.     

北京地区常用类型日光温室的冬季气温特性分析

以生产上常用的4种类型日光温室为研究对象,其后墙(从内到外)的材料分别为37 cm红砖+10 cm聚苯板+24 cm红砖、20 cm陶粒砌体砖+10 cm珍珠岩+20 cm陶粒砌体砖、寿光型机推土墙、37 cm红砖+12 cm聚苯板.根据4种类型日光温室的结构参数与建筑材料,分析其采光性能与后墙墙体热工性能,并在2010～2011年冬季对日光温室室内外气温进行测量.结果表明:2010～ 2011年冬季北京市气温属于正常偏冷.后墙为37 cm红砖+10 cm聚苯板+24 cm红砖的日光温室的热阻为3.41 m2 K·W-1,冬季室内平均气温为14.4℃,夜间平均气温10℃以上,最低气温在6℃以上;寿光型机推土墙温室冬季室内平均气温为12.4℃,夜间平均气温8.4℃以上,最低气温在4.6℃以上;这两种类型日光温室基本上能够保证冬季果菜类蔬菜生产.20 cm陶粒砌体砖+10 cm珍珠岩+20 cm陶粒砌体砖的日光温室与37cm红砖+12 cm聚苯板的日光温室冬季室内气温均较低,最低气温在0℃左右,夜间平均气温在5～7℃之间,冬季只能进行耐寒叶菜类蔬菜生产.     

垦稻11号良种良法技术研究

通过对垦稻11号进行不同插期、不同密度和不同施肥量级的试验,找出其在我场大田生产上推广繁育的合理栽培方法和模式。试验结果表明,垦稻11号的最适宜插秧时间是5月13～23日,插秧规格30 cm×13 cm为宜,每穴3～5苗,施肥量应以处理2为准,N∶P∶K比例为2∶1.05∶0.65。     

Seasonality and photoperiod influence in vitro production of buffalo embryos

Buffalo is considered short-day breeder in tropical and subtropical part of the world and seasonality and photoperiodism impart major influence on its fertility. However, its impact on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of seasonal variations and photoperiodism on morphological and molecular parameters of IVEP in buffalo. For this purpose, we conducted two different experiments on the oocytes obtained by aspirating follicles from abattoir derived ovaries. In Exp. I, retrospective analysis was performed for oocyte recovery, blastocyst and hatching rate, during four consecutive seasonal periods (i.e. January–March, April–June, July–September and October–December). In Exp. II, oocytes from peak breeding and non-breeding seasons were subjected to 24 hr in vitro maturation and evaluated for polar body extrusion to assess maturation rate. Results showed that embryo development was markedly low during second quarter (April–June) and maximum during fourth quarter (October–December) of the year; referred as non-breeding and breeding seasons, respectively. Comparative data analysis demonstrated that poor oocyte quality is major reason for lesser efficiency of embryo production during non-breeding season than peak breeding season as suggested by poor oocyte recovery (2.31 ± 0.10 vs. 3.65 ± 0.27) and maturation rate (33.32 ± 2.1 vs. 63.15 ± 7.31). Subsequently, comparative gene expression analysis of blastocysts during peak breeding season significantly upregulated pluripotency gene (OCT-4) and downregulated heat shock protein 90, as compared to non-breeding season. Therefore, it could be divulged from the present study that seasonal variations and photoperiodism have profound effect on oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development. It is recommended to find suitable additives for in vitro maturation that could mitigate seasonal effects.     

广西畜禽现代生态养殖场认证存在问题及对策

为深化生态文明建设成效,推动生态养殖业的整体发展,广西自2016年开始实施畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作,要求2020年全区90%规模养殖场都需要与现代生态养殖标准所符合。目前广西畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作成效显著,在较大程度上推动现代生态养殖业的整体发展。但依然有一些问题存在于畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作中,相关部门及人员需加强重视,及时探索针对性的对策。