优质糯玉米杂交种烟糯7号的选育研究

烟糯7号是由山东省烟台市农业科学研究院于1995年以自选系43221为母本、1211为父本杂交育成的白粒糯质玉米杂交种。经过2001—2002年山东省特种玉米区域试验和大面积生产示范,表现出早熟丰产、抗病抗倒、籽粒蛋白质含量高、风味品质好、果皮薄以及商品果穗率高等特点,在生产上具有较高的推广应用价值。2003年通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

籼、粳稻米垩白与品质的相关性研究进展

综述了有关垩白形成的机理和籼、粳稻垩白与品质相关分析的研究现状,结果表明：无论籼稻或是粳稻均表现出垩白与出糙率、垩白粒率、粒宽、直链淀粉含量、糊化温度、蛋白质含量呈正相关,与整精米率、透明度、粒长、粒型、胶稠度呈负相关,但类型间有一定差异。并就垩白对各品质性状的影响进行了简要分析,对今后应加强相关方面的研究和提高品质的途径提出了自己的看法。     

不同施氮水平对小麦/玉米间作产量和水分效应的影响

【研究目的】探讨小麦/玉米间作体系中氮肥对水分资源高效利用的调节作用,达到合理施肥提高水分利用效率的目的;【方法】采用田间试验,监测小麦/玉米间作不同生育期土攘水分,研究不同施氮量对产量和水分利用效率的影响;【结果】小麦/玉米间作的土地当量比（LER）为1.31~1.53,小麦相对于玉米的水分竞争比率（CRwm）约为1;在小麦收获时,间作小麦的水分利用效率（39.0 ~46.7kg/mm.hm2）远远高于玉米（1.28~4.81 kg/mm.hm2）,也高于单种小麦（25.43 ~30.75 kg/mm.hm2）;在小麦收获后,间作玉米（除N0处理）的水分利用效率迅速提高,当玉米收获时水分利用效率高达32.49 ~47.46 kg/mm.hm2,明显高于单种玉米（27.30 ~38.77 kg/mm.hm2）;【结论】小麦/玉米间作具有明显的产量优势,小麦玉米两作物水分利用效率分布时间上的错位是小麦/玉米间作高效利用水分资源的基础,合理施用氮肥能促进间作种植产量优势和水分利用优势的发挥。     

新品系A系兔生长发育及部分特征特性测定

对１２７只五世代的新品系Ａ系兔进行测定,结果表明：Ａ系兔早期增重较快、肉质良好。３５日龄断奶个体重０．７ｋｇ左右,５６日龄重１．３ｋｇ,９０日龄重２．１７ｋｇ,与德国白兔同期体重相近。断奶～５６日龄、５６～９０日龄平均日增重分别为２８ｇ和２６ｇ,幼兔（断奶～９０日龄）成少这９６．０６％,料重比为３．５４１。３月龄Ａ系兔全净率５１．１４％、肉骨比为４．６６：１。兔肉ＰＨ值６．２１,失水率１８．２９％     

效率是企业致胜的关键因素

站在21世纪的门槛上,回顾一下我国饲料工业20年来的发展历程,对于本行业在新世纪的健康成长将不无好处。业内权威人士将我国饲料工业20年来的发展历程大体上划分为五个阶段,胆识领先阶段、技术领先阶段、规模领先阶段、营销领先阶段和效率领先阶段。第一个阶段为80年代初期。这     

应用群体改良技术选育水稻温敏核不育系的研究

应用随机多交加混合选择的方法,不仅可以改良单个性状柱头外露率,而且可以改良配合力、品质、抗性等综合性状。从用N8S、怀早4号、香2B和早优1号构建的两次随机多交加混合选择的群体中选育出一个柱头外露率高、配合力、品质和抗性都较对照V20A有明显改善的实用温敏核不育系准S。准S柱头外露率达78.6%,比对照V20A高72.4%。     

外源ABA抑制水稻种子发芽的生理机制

比较研究了外源植物激素ABA（脱落酸）与植物生长抑制剂MH（马来酰肼）对水稻种子发芽的抑制作用,以期阐明ABA抑制水稻种子发芽的生理学作用与机制。研究结果表明ABA与MH虽然都具有抑制水稻种子发芽的作用,但两者生理作用性质不同,ABA抑制水稻种子发芽是延缓种子发芽,而MH是降低种子活性,对种子发芽具遏制、伤害作用。MH     

玉米杂交种主要农艺性状对产量稳定性影响的研究

根据华北夏玉米区域试验材料,应用回归系数和性状相关的方法,研究了玉米杂交种7个农艺性状对其籽粒产量稳定性的影响。结果表明,大部分农艺性状与杂交种稳产性呈负相关,以穗行数和千粒重的影响最大,穗位高、穗长、株高和穗粒数的影响较小。在育种实践中,可加强对杂交种稳产性影响小而对籽粒产量影响大的性状进行选择,适当降低穗位高,增加穗粒数,有利于提高玉米杂交种产量的稳定性。     

Method for Precision Nitrogen Management in Spring Wheat: II. Implementation

By accounting for spatial variation in soil N levels, variable-rate fertilizer application may improve crop yield and quality, and N use efficiency within fields. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate how site-specific wheat yield and protein data, and a geographic information system may be used in developing precision N-recommendations for spring wheat. The three steps in the procedure include: (1) estimate the amount of N-removed in wheat in the year in which the crop is harvested, (2) estimate the N-deficit, defined as the amount of additional N needed for raising protein concentration in a future crop to a specified target level, and (3) estimate the total N-recommendation by summing the mapped values of the N-removed and the N-deficit. A map for variable-rate application of fertilizer is derived by specifying cutoff values to divide the range in the total N-recommendation into classes representing N management zones.A field experiment was conducted within an annually cropped wheat field (101 ha) in northern Montana to determine whether the proposed method could improve grain yields and protein levels. The N-removal and N-deficit were estimated from site-specific wheat yield and protein data that were acquired during harvest of 1996. In 1997, which was a dry year, an experiment was conducted in the same field that consisted of a randomized complete block design arranged as pairs of strip plots. Variable- or uniform-rate N treatments were randomly assigned to each pair of strips. Both treatments received nearly the same amount of fertilizer, however, N in the variable treatment was varied to match patterns in grain yield and protein levels that previously existed in 1996. Yields were not significantly different between management systems, but proteins were significantly enhanced by spatially variable N application. In addition, variability in protein levels was reduced within the whole field. Field areas deficient in N fertility could be identified without having to sample for soil profile N.     

Chemical composition and nutritive value of leaves and stems of tropical weed Chromolaena odorata

Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) has been classified as a weed plant in West Africa. Data from C. odorata foliage after 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of regrowth showed that the leaf fraction had a crude protein content above 194 g kg^–1 dry matter (DM) and an average leaf to stem ratio of 2·1:1. Chemical analysis of the leaf fraction of an 8‐week‐old regrowth indicated a high crude protein content (258 g kg^–1 DM) and a high degradable nitrogen content (60·7 g N kg^–1 digestible organic matter), but low neutral‐detergent fibre (331 g kg^–1 DM), acid‐detergent lignin (53·1 g kg^–1 DM), total extractable phenolic (37·1 g kg^–1 DM), extractable tannin (0·72 absorbance at 550 nm) and extractable condensed tannin (1·4 g kg^–1 DM) contents. In sacco degradability analysis of the 8‐week‐old regrowth leaf sample showed a high 48 h organic matter (935 g kg^–1 DM) and crude protein (953 g kg^–1 DM) degradability. The leaf sample had an organic matter degradability of 670 g kg^–1 DM as estimated by cumulative gas production in vitro after 24 h incubation. There was little or no phenolic‐related antinutritive factors in C. odorata. Additionally, leaf samples had no effect on rumen protozoa activity estimated as the rate of [¹⁴C]leucine Selenomonas ruminantum bacterial protein breakdown. Data from this study suggest that C. odorata leaves are of high nutritive value and might have the potential to be used as a protein supplement to ruminants. There is need for further investigation to test whether C. odorata leaves may have any deleterious effect on the host animal.