西北旱区不同覆膜和灌溉水平下的玉米冠层氮含量垂直分布及高光谱反演

为探究不同覆膜和灌溉水平下玉米叶片氮含量垂直分布特征及其遥感反演规律,2020年在甘肃省武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站进行大田试验,设置3种灌水量水平(春玉米灌溉需水量的100%(W₁₀₀)、70%(W₇₀)和40%(W₄₀))和3种覆膜处理(不覆膜(M₀)、普通塑料膜(M₁)和生物可降解膜(M₂)),测定春玉米在不同灌水量和覆膜条件下叶片氮含量垂直分布、冠层反射特征和反射率与叶片氮含量等指标,并采用随机森林法构建氮含量估测模型分析垂直分布的叶片氮含量。结果表明,相同灌水处理的玉米冠层叶片中氮含量由高到低为M₀>M₂>M₁,M₀比M₂的上、中、下部位叶片氮含量分别增加6.78%、5.11%、2.55%,M₂比M₁的上、中、下部位叶片氮含量分别增加7.14%、5.24%、5.39%。...     

基于ANSYS Workbench的乘坐式割草机刀盘模态分析

刀盘是割草机重要部件,其工作时固有频率与振型的大小直接关系到整机的可靠性与安全性。为此,利用CAD/CAM软件Pro/E建立刀盘的三维实体模型,并将其导入有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench,对所建模型进行模态有限元仿真分析,提取前6阶固有频率,与刀盘转速进行比较,计算出其工作时的危险转速范围。分析结果表明:刀盘最高工作转速远低于其1阶临界转速,有效地避免了共振的发生,验证了刀盘设计的合理性,可为刀盘其它的动力学分析奠定基础。     

有机香椿栽培技术规程

根据相关标准及香椿生产实际,针对有机香椿种子与种苗处理、土壤消毒、立地条件、土壤管理、营养调控及有机香椿的植物保护方面,制定有机香椿栽培技术规程。     

Gas Exchange of Five Warm‐Season Grain Legumes and their Susceptibility to Heat Stress

Objective of this study was to compare the heat stress performance of four pulses from dry and hot areas (mungbeans, limabeans, and teparybeans and cowpeas) with that of soybeans. Two experiments were conducted in growth chambers, and data were pooled because results of both experiments were similar. Plants were raised up to flowering at 24/17 °C (day/night) and were then either exposed to these temperatures until maturity or stressed with 33/24 °C for 2 weeks starting at day 1 or 15 after onset of flowering (early vs. late stress). Before, during and after these stress intervals, gas exchange of representative upper leaves was examined; additionally, immediate effects of increasing leaf temperatures from 24 to 32 or 40 °C on chlorophyll fluorescence were assessed. Without heat stress rates of photosynthesis (P_n), and of transpiration (TR), stomatal and mesophyll conductance (g_s, g_m) and intrinsic transpiration efficiency (iTE) differed significantly among the five crops at each date. However, because of crop‐specific time‐courses ranking among unstressed crops was instable with time, so values were integrated or averaged over time. This procedure revealed high P_n potentials in mung‐ and teparybeans and high iTE values in limabeans compared to the other crops. Heat stress lowered P_n and g_s considerably, but increased TR in all five crops. Relative lowering of P_n during heat stress displayed a crop‐specific pattern with limabeans being least susceptible to both early and late heat stress, while cowpeas were highly susceptible to early stress. Effects on P_n were mainly attributable to lowering of g_s and only in part to g_m. The latter was supported by very small changes (<10 %) of various chlorophyll fluorescence signals shortly after raising leaf temperature to 32 °C in all species. However, in limabeans, a decreased electron transport rate (e‐rate, ?18 %) and an increased non‐photochemical quenching (Q_N, +16 %) pointed to an adaptive mechanism to avoid oxidative strains under heat. Leaf temperatures of 40 °C immediately provoked stronger changes in all fluorescence signals than 32 °C; substantial damages at 40 °C were indicated by effective quantum yield, photochemical quenching and ratio of fluorescence decrease in mungbeans and low ones in cowpeas and soybeans. Nevertheless, some adaptive responses of e‐rates and Q_N were observed in all crops and were most expressed in limabeans.     

基于创新能力培养的包装工程专业设计类课程设计教学改革的探索

创新型人才的培养是高校育人的根本任务,具备创新能力是当今社会对人才的基本要求。以培养创新型包装工程人才为目标,对包装工程专业设计类课程设计的教学方案进行改革,分析目前教学中存在的问题,从选题方式、设计要求、课程设置和评价方式等方面提出了改革方案并实践。实践证明,该方案能够充分激发学生的创新意识,增强学生的实践能力,为专业知识的应用与实践奠定了扎实的基础。     

大学物理教学资源建设的几点思考

大学物理教学资源建设以大学生素质教育为核心,运用现代教育技术开发课件,围绕大学物理的必修和选修教学模式展开,通过大学物理必修课件和物理选修课课件(理论课补充和延伸)的建设方式,实现了必修和选修理论教学的良性互动,实现了教学相长、教研相长、教学资源不断丰富的良性发展;该模式较好的缓解了大学物理内容多课时相对偏少的矛盾,并在实践中收到了良好的效果。     

云南紫溪山自然保护区毒蕈资源初报*

 毒蕈因其毒素的抗菌、抗病毒等作用而日益受到人们的关注。云南紫溪山自然保护区内大型真菌资源丰富，在滇中地区具有代表性。初步调查表明，区内有毒蕈52种，分属2个亚门4目10科，其中鹅膏菌有25种。     

欧洲动物生产与营养研究的现状和发展趋势

本作在欧洲从事博士后研究期间,几次参加相关学术讨论会,并接触到一些反映最新发展趋势的资料和信息.在此基础上,结合作本人对相关问题的思考,撰写了本篇章.本从21世纪动物生产面临的新问题、新挑战出发，论述了动物生产的新进展和新要求，动物营养研究应用的新技术和新方法，目前动物生产与营养研究的领域和热点问题等，概略论述了目前欧洲动物生产与营养研究的现状和发展趋势，供有关人员参考。     

低磷胁迫对赤皮青冈幼苗叶片生理指标的影响

[目的]探究赤皮青冈幼苗对低磷环境的耐受性.[方法]选取1年生和2年生赤皮青冈Cyclobalanopsis gilva实生幼苗,进行室内控制条件下的低磷胁迫试验,分析赤皮青冈幼苗叶片在低磷胁迫条件下的生理响应情况.[结果]低磷胁迫下1年生、2年生赤皮青冈叶片中可溶性蛋白含量随磷元素浓度降低而下降,膜脂过氧化最终产物丙...     

Comparison of morphology, viability, and function between blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats

The morphological features of blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats were compared using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry in order to investigate the cytological changes of neutrophils after migration into the mammary gland. The kinetics of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generation and gelatinase release of blood and milk neutrophils, with or without stimulation of phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate ester (PMA), were used to characterize their responses to inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils isolated from goat milk were highly segmented and contained multi-lobed nuclei. Ultrastructurally, milk neutrophils were more ruffled on the surface compared to blood neutrophils. Approximately 30% of milk neutrophils were undergoing cell death, either necrosis or apoptosis, in contrast to 8% of blood neutrophils. The ROI production of activated milk neutrophils peaked earlier than blood neutrophils, but the duration and the intensity were much less. Neutrophils from both sources augmented the release of gelatinase in response to PMA (1 ng/mL). However, the amount of gelatinase released from milk neutrophils was lower (P < 0.05) than that of blood neutrophils. In summary, more neutrophils become apoptotic and necrotic in the mammary gland, presumably due to spontaneous aging, the process of diapedesis, and the interaction with milk components. Milk neutrophils have impaired functionalities in comparison with blood neutrophils. The information is relevant when studying mammary gland immunity and related diseases, such as mastitis.