Effects of cysteamine on mRNA levels of growth hormone and its receptors and growth in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Effects of cysteamine (CS) on growth hormone (GH) mRNA, two types of growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNAs and growth rate in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) were investigated. CS could cause a modification in the structure of somatostatin, which is the most important neuroendocrine inhibitor of basal and stimulated growth hormone synthesis and release, and renders it nonimmunoreactive probably through interaction with the disulfide bonds. In the present study, cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) enhanced the level of pituitary GH mRNA in a dose-dependent manner through attenuating or deleting the inhibiting action of somatostatin on GH mRNA expression. CSH at relatively low doses (from 1 to 3 mg/g diet) enhanced the levels of two types of GHR mRNAs in dose-dependent manner, whereas the stimulation induced by CSH declined from the peak at higher dose of CSH (4 mg/g diet). It might be attributed to the variation in GH-induced up-regulation of GHRs at different doses of GH. Feeding of CSH could induce remarkable enhancement of growth rate in orange-spotted grouper. In addition, the stimulatory effect of CSH could be potentiated by the additive effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRH-A). Compared with individual treatments, combined feeding of CSH and LHRH-A caused more efficient elevation of growth rate after 8 weeks of feeding. CSH and LHRH-A individually and in combination remarkably increased the levels of GH and GHR mRNAs compared with the control. The combined administration of CSH and LHRH-A in diet was most effective to enhance the level of GH and GHR1 mRNA. The morphological characteristics of the experimental fish were evaluated. Compared with control, the ratios of muscle RNA/DNA, condition factors (CF) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were significantly enhanced in the treated groups, while the highest values were observed in the combined treatment. All the results suggested that CSH (1–3 mg/g diet) is an effective, economical and feasible feed additive in orange-spotted grouper culture.     

鱼腥草主要病虫害调查方法与综合防治标准操作规程

摘 要：该文简述了鱼腥草主要病虫害种类,形态和症状及识别方法,提出了相应的调查取样方法和分级标准。根据鱼腥草主要病虫害的发生规律,参照《国家绿色食品A级农药施用标准》和《中药材生产质量管理规范(试行)》等条例的规定,归纳了一套鱼腥草病虫害防治标准操作规程,为鱼腥草GAP标准化生产提供了保障。     

基于物联网的玉米病害环境监测系统研究与实现

为研究和实现基于物联网的玉米病害环境监测系统,笔者设计了包括感知层、传输层、云服务层和应用层的4层架构。在感知层,利用传感器技术实时采集玉米病害环境的温湿度、降雨量、风向风速、光照强度和土壤温湿度等数据;在传输层中使用4G移动通信网络实现数据的远距离传输;云服务层中,基于四川农畜育种攻关云服务平台,应用数据库技术、云服务技术实现数据的存储和管理;最后,在应用层采用B/S模式实现数据展示服务。结果表明,该系统能够准确采集、稳定传输和安全存储数据,降低了人工成本。因此,它能够为玉米病害研究课题组提供有效的信息化服务,具有一定实用价值。     

Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance

Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and D_i (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.     

浅析"无标底"招标的建立

在“量价分离”改革原则的指导下 ,本文在查阅了中外有关资料的基础上 ,对“无标底”招标的建立谈了几点看法     

高密度二氧化碳对蛋清液中沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌杀菌效果和杀菌动力学的研究

研究了不同温度、压力和时间条件下,高密度二氧化碳(DPCD)处理对蛋清液中沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的杀菌效果,并对DPCD处理蛋清液中大肠杆菌的杀菌动力学进行了分析。结果表明,在15 MPa,45℃下DPCD处理60 min,沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌分别降低了4.46和5.57个对数值,其中大肠杆菌对DPCD处理较沙门氏菌敏感。30 MPa,45℃,DPCD处理30 min,可以完全杀灭蛋清液中的大肠杆菌。线性模型能较好地拟合DPCD对大肠杆菌的杀菌效果,其中30 MPa,45℃下D值最小为5.830。     

蜂蜜发酵酸奶底物构成研究

蜂蜜经乳酸菌发酵后,含糖量降低,产生对人体有益的乳酸,而且其他营养成分能较好予以保留,可为扩大蜂蜜市场开辟一条新途径。主要从蜂蜜及乳粉的添加量、菌种接种比例和接种量等方面进行试验,研究发酵底物的构成。确定最佳配方为:蜂蜜8%,脱脂乳粉10%,接种比例(杆菌∶球菌)为1∶1,接种量为2%。     

国外苗木质量研究进展

上世纪70年代至90年代末, 国外有关苗木质量的综述很多。经过10多年的研究, 人们对根体积、侧根数、矿质营养等形态和生理指标与苗木造林效果的关系有了更为深刻的认识。文中在这些综述的基础上, 结合最近的研究进展, 对国外苗木质量的研究现状和未来发展趋势进行了综述。针对评价苗木质量的各项指标, 分析了其测定方法和评价苗木质量的能力, 并系统探讨了苗木质量、立地条件和造林效果之间的关系。     

屉优418应用MET试验总结

在展优418不同生育期施用一定量的MET(多效唑)对其产量性状均有不同影响,可降低株高10％,增强植株抗倒伏能力,增加有效穗数,增产14％左右,在分蘖中期施用100g/667m~2效果最好。     

干物质浓度对牛粪秸秆厌氧发酵产沼气的影响

在发酵原料C/N＝25～30,T＝36℃的条件下,研究20％,15％,10％,5％和2．5％等5种干物质浓度对牛粪秸秆混合干式厌氧发酵产沼气性能的影响。实验结果表明：发酵前30 d 为产气高峰期,同时发酵渗滤液中的VFA浓度也较高;干物质浓度增加时,产气量波动增大,渗滤液中碱度和 NH4＋-N 浓度升高,发酵装置的有机负荷率也较高;10％的干物质浓度产气效果最好,发酵前30d的累积产气量为4710mL,相应的容积产气率可以达到0．313m3/m3· d。实验得到的结果对牛粪秸秆混合发酵的实际应用具有一定的指导意义。