棕点石斑鱼(♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(♂)杂交后代与棕点石斑鱼低氧耐受能力初步研究

为了研究棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus,♀)与蓝身大斑石斑鱼(E.tukula,♂)杂交后代(简称金虎石斑鱼)和棕点石斑鱼的低氧耐受能力,采用封闭式呼吸室测定棕点石斑鱼和金虎石斑鱼幼鱼的耗氧率与窒息点,在正常溶氧[(5.71±0.31)mg/L]和溶解氧下降至4.0 mg/L、3.0mg...     

黄土高原节水生态型淤地坝建设的方法与措施

 淤地坝是黄土高原地区水土流失治理的关键措施。大规模建设淤地坝,不仅对于改善黄土高原地区的生态环境,促进经济社会的可持续发展,全面建设小康社会具有重要意义,而且对于减少入黄泥沙,确保黄河安澜也具有不可替代的重要作用。基于黄土高原地区淤地坝建设所取得的巨大成就,分析淤地坝数量、淤地面积和拦泥量按区域、流域的分布特征;针对淤地坝建设中存在的设计不合理、设计标准偏低、坝地非点源污染加剧、无效蒸发大等问题,提出了淤地坝单坝系统和节水生态型淤地坝的概念,以及建设节水生态型淤地坝的基本方法和保障措施。还分析了节水生态型淤地坝建设的案例,以期为淤地坝工程建设提供有关科学依据。     

滨州市冬枣锈病发生特点与综合治理

冬枣产于山东省渤海地区、黄河三角洲腹地，是一种成熟期较晚，珍贵稀有的鲜食果品。滨州市冬枣种植面积达6万hm^2，已成为当地农业经济新的增长点和农民致富奔小康的主导产业。但是冬枣锈病2004年在滨州市暴发流行，给枣农的增收和冬枣产业的发展造成了极大的创伤。为此对冬枣锈病流行规律、流行原因和治理对策进行了调研。     

Effects of apple pomace proportion levels on the fermentation quality of total mixed ration silage and its digestibility,preference and ruminal fermentation in beef cows

Four Japanese black beef cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to evaluate the fermentation quality, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and preference of total mixed ration (TMR) silages prepared with differing proportions of apple pomace (AP). Experimental treatments were the control (no AP added, CAP), 5% (low, LAP), 10% (medium, MAP) and 20% (high, HAP) of TMR dry matter (DM) as AP. All TMR silages were well preserved. Ethanol was produced in silages containing AP and the amount increased with the proportion of AP (P < 0.05). Nutrient digestibility with LAP, MAP and HAP treatment was lower than that with CAP treatment (P < 0.05). The ruminal molar proportion of acetic acid increased (P < 0.05), but the ruminal ammonia‐N concentration decreased (P < 0.05) as the proportion of AP increased. The preference of the animals was highest for HAP, followed by MAP, CAP and LAP. This study demonstrates that decrease in nutrient digestibility might be related to the ethanol produced naturally from AP. Therefore, the proportion of AP in TMR silages should be less than 5% of dietary DM.     

不同灌溉水分生产率指标的时空变异与相关关系

选择灌溉系统中的不同灌水量作为投入,建立毛灌溉水分生产率(Pg)、渠系灌溉水分生产率(Pc)及净灌溉水分生产率(Pn)指标;收集全国443个主要灌区1998年、2005年及2010年的数据资料,分析了中国灌溉水分生产的时空变化规律及指标间的相关关系。结果显示:3个指标的全国均值分别为1.361、2.532及2.989 kg/m3;各省区的3个指标均随时间呈增加态势,直辖市的增幅较大而长江流域粮食主产区较小;代表年各灌溉水分生产率指标在空间上均表现为明显的聚集现象,高值省区以黄淮海平原为核心集中分布,华南、西北及东北则密集了低值省区;Pg、Pc及Pn两两之间均呈现显著的线性相关关系,决定系数均大于0.90。3个指标中的任一指标均可代表省区灌溉水分生产率在全国的排序位置。     

发展沙早事业 推进结构调整

开发利用水土资源，推进黄土山区经济结构调整，实现经济社会可持续发展，是值得研究的重要课题，结合柳林县的实际，从农田水利基本建设，水土保持生态建设，水资源统一管理，科技兴水，落实政策，更新机制等方面论述了如何发展水利事业，推进结构调整。     

基于代谢组学技术的无机砷对三疣梭子蟹鳃组织的毒性作用机制研究

通过非靶向代谢组学方法对比分析暴露于0.3 mg/L三价砷(As3+)、0.3 mg/L五价砷(As5+)环境中96 h的雌性成体三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)代谢物组成及含量的变化,探究As3+、As5+对三疣梭子蟹鳃组织毒性相关分子机制.结果 发现,经0.3 mg/L As3+暴露共...     

甲磺隆的应用技术及对后茬作物的安全性研究

在冬小麦 1～ 2叶期施用甲磺隆 1.8～ 2.5 g/hm2 ,可有效防除北京地区麦田常见阔叶杂草 ,优于当前常用除草剂苯磺隆 15g/hm2 春季施用的除草效果 ,安全性与春季施用苯磺隆 15g/hm2 相当。实验室降解结果表明 ,当甲磺隆初始浓度为 6.25μg/kg以下时 ,经过215d后 ,对后茬玉米安全。研究表明 ,向日葵是甲磺隆理想的生物测定试材 ,对甲磺隆的最低检出浓度达到 0.125μg/kg,其根长抑制率与除草剂浓度有高度的相关性 ,最佳的剂量 -反应模型为 y=a+b lnx     

Preparation of PHEMA/nHAP nanocomposites via <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide for biomedical applications

Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocomposites were synthesized through a new route involving nano-sized HAP (nHAP) particles or modified nHAP mixed with monomer 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate via in situ polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed phosphate peak increased with nHAP content in composite. X-ray diffraction patterns of PHEMA/nHAP revealed the presence of crystallized nHAP. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the ultimate nHAP content in PHEMA/nHAP composites is consistent with its initial amount. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that nanocomposite particles are much smaller than PHEMA particles. PHEMA/nHAP composites with average diameter of approximately 600 nm were obtained in scCO₂ with 94 % yield. Mechanical properties of PHEMA/nHAP nanocomposites were better than those of PHEMA, and compressive modulus and strength of composites with 30 wt.% nHAP were 193 and 29 MPa, respectively. Nanocomposite adsorption toward bovine serum albumin was evaluated, and results indicated that analyte adsorption amount can reach up to 282 mg/g.     

丛生竹林下竹荪富硒菌棒覆土栽培技术

在丛生竹林下对不同基质配方和硒浓度菌棒进行埋棒栽培以及覆土方式栽培试验,结果表明,菌棒不同基质配方对竹荪产量及其营养成分有显著影响,而且三列浅沟形和双列龟背形2种覆土方式有利于提高竹荪产量。改良基质配方菌棒竹荪产量比常规配方提高约50%;在添加外源硒质量分数为0~2.0 mg/kg的浓度范围内,竹荪子实体产量先随着硒浓度的增加而逐渐增加后再有所降低,基质中添加1.5 mg/kg硒肥比不添加产量提高了195.30%。基质中添加硒质量分数为1.0~2.0 mg/kg的硒肥可以较显著地提高竹荪花的硒含量,其干物质中硒含量平均值从约2.50 mg/kg提高到8.05~13.30 mg/kg,外源硒肥利用率达到9.70%~15.36%。菌棒不同基质配方对竹荪子实体的粗蛋白及粗多糖含量有明显影响,改良配方竹荪蛋与竹荪花的粗蛋白含量是常规配方的1.21和1.29倍,其粗多糖含量是常规配方的4.81和1.35倍;基质中添加硒肥与不添加硒肥相比,竹荪蛋与竹荪花中粗蛋白含量分别增加了40.90%和14.30%。在硒质量分数为1.0 mg/kg的竹荪菌棒林下覆土栽培试验中,三列浅沟形覆土方式单位面积鲜竹荪蛋产量最高,为10.27 kg/m²;双列龟背形覆土方式单个菌棒的鲜竹荪蛋产量最高,达1.40 kg。三列浅沟形和双列龟背形2种覆土方式基质生物转化率分别为93.00%和94.14%,达到了较高水平。