麦洼牦牛全泌乳期乳中矿物质元素变化规律研究

为阐明牦牛乳中矿物质元素含量在全泌乳期的变化规律,试验采集了四川省龙日种畜场麦洼牦牛产犊当天到180 d（即0～180 d）内共12个时间点的乳样。采用微波消解法处理乳样,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）测定牦牛乳中14种矿物质元素,分别为4种大量元素（钾（K）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、磷（P））和10种微量元素（硼（B）、钡（Ba）、镉（Cd）、钴（Co）、铜（Cu）、钼（Mo）、镍（Ni）、钛（Ti）、锌（Zn）、锰（Mn））,并以牦牛产犊后30 d采集的乳样数据为基准进行统计分析。结果显示,麦洼牦牛初乳中K、Ca、Mg、P 4种大量元素含量较高。与30 d的常乳含量相比,K的含量在0 d时差异极显著（P＜0.01）,在120 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;Ca的含量在5 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;Mg的含量在180 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;P的含量变化差异不显著（P＞0.05）。在0～180 d泌乳期内微量元素随泌乳期的变化也较明显,与30 d的常乳含量相比,Ba的含量在0和1 d时差异极显著（P＜0.01）,在2、3、4、5和180 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;Mo、Ni、Zn的含量在180 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;B、Cd、Cu、Ti、Mn的含量随泌乳期变化差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。综上所述,牦牛乳中K、Ca、Mg、Ba、Mo、Ni、Zn的含量随泌乳期的变化差异显著（P<0.05）,P、B、Cd、Cu、Ti、Mn的含量变化不显著（P>0.05）;整体上看,K、Mg、P、Ba、Zn的含量变化呈先降低后增加的趋势,而Ca的含量呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。     

The Productive Performance and the Correlation Analysis Between Hatchability and Egg Quality in Jiangxi Green-eggshell Layers

The purpose of this study was to provide the reference to Jiangxi Green-eggshell breeding through the analysis of laying performance, hatchability and egg quality in the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers at 300-days old. 306 Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers and 80 eggs were selected to determine the laying performance, hatchability and egg quality among families, and the correlation between the hatchability and egg quality were analyzed also. The results were as fellows:The average body weight of these hens was 1 596.99 g, the average egg weight was 50.57 g, the average egg-laying number was 14.53, the average fertility rate was 93.69%, the average dead fertile egg rate was 5.55%, the average healthy chick rate was 84.3%, the average dead embryo egg rate was 13.9%, the average egg shape index was 1.28, the average Haugh unit was 71.77, and the average eggshell strength was 4.44 kg/cm². The healthy chick rate and the egg weight had significant correlation,as well as the eggshell color and the egg shape index (P < 0.05). The healthy chick rate had extremely significantly correlation with the dead fertile egg rate(P < 0.01), as well as the eggshell strength and the eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). Generally, the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers had good egg quality, higher laying performance and hatchability, but they still need to be further selected.     

中国荷斯坦牛初产日龄遗传评估及全基因组关联分析

基于高通量SNPs测序的全基因组关联分析为奶牛繁殖性状相关基因的探索提供了契机。本研究基于课题组前期中国荷斯坦牛基因组测序芯片的结果,通过DMU(v 6.0)采用AI-REML结合EM算法的动物模型对北京地区2001-2011年10年间19 111头中国荷斯坦母牛初产日龄记录进行遗传参数估计,并应用PLINK(v 1.07)将大群估计的2 172头中国荷斯坦母牛初产日龄性状的育种值(EBV)作为表型值,进行基于无关群体设计的全基因组关联分析。通过全基因组水平的Bonferroni校正,共检测到1 700个SNPs与初产日龄显著相关。选取P值达到10-15的43个SNPs进行初步分析,其中12个位于X染色体上。显著SNPs上下游200kb范围内存在KLHL4、TRAM1、TRAM2、ZNF438、MATK等繁殖障碍疾病相关基因。7号染色体1 Mb(20.42~21.52 Mb)区域内多个SNPs位点与初产日龄显著相关。这些基因和区域可以作为影响初产日龄性状的重要候选基因和区域,为揭示奶牛繁殖性状的分子遗传基础积累了素材。     

高温降解无害化处理技术应用效果分析

国家对病害动物及动物产品无害化处理工作的要求不断提高,安全有效的无害化处理技术的应用能够有效降低疫病传播风险,有力保障动物产品安全,维护群众身体健康。本文通过对实际应用情况的分析,介绍了高温降解无害化处理技术的应用效果,以期为病害动物及动物产品无害化处理工作提供参考。     

Cloning, expression and characterization of monkey (Macaca fascicularis) CD137

CD137 plays an important role as a co-stimulatory molecule in activated T cells. Agonistic CD137 specific antibodies have been investigated as therapeutic agents to promote tumor-specific immune responses by direct activation of T cells. As part of the pre-clinical pharmacological evaluation of cynomolgus monkeys, monkey CD137 was cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded a full-length gene of 254 amino acids 95% identical to human CD137. Sequence variants identified in monkey CD137 include four splice variants lacking the transmembrane domain. These variants were detectable in human including two previously unreported variants. Two missense single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected present in 42 and 50% of 36 monkeys tested. In both monkey and human, mRNA expression of full-length CD137 and splice variants were significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon stimulation by anti-CD3 antibodies. Recombinant monkey CD137 protein was bound with high affinity by an agonistic anti-human CD137 antibody but not by an anti-mouse CD137 antibody. In summary, compared to human, monkey CD137 showed distinct extracellular domain amino acid sequence and sequence polymorphisms. Thus, antibodies directed against epitopes in this extracellular domain could have differences in pharmacologic activity between cynomolgus monkeys and human or across individual cynomolgus monkeys.     

半干旱沙地草场地面节肢动物群落对封育措施的响应

以宁夏盐池国家级草原资源生态监测站为依托,选择荒漠草原典型冰草植被类型的封育(5年)与未封育样地对地面节肢动物、植物以及土壤性质进行了调查,同时分析了地面节肢动物对封育后植物和土壤变化的响应。结果表明,封育对地表植被和土壤性质均产生了明显的影响,尤其是植物个体数、高度和盖度以及生物量封育样地显著高于未封育样地(P<0.05)。调查样地共捕获地面节肢动物7目26科28个类群;封育围栏内外共有的优势类群为拟步甲科琵甲属,共有的常见类群有13个类群,共有类群数占总类群数的50%。并且,地面节肢动物对封育亦产生了积极的响应,动物群落个体数、类群数和多样性封育样地均高于未封育样地,但均没有达到显著水平(P>0.05),说明荒漠草原短期封育(5年)对地表植被和地面节肢动物具有不同的生态效应。相关分析表明,地面节肢动物类群数和Shannon指数均与土壤容重呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而优势度指数与土壤容重呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。表明土壤容重是地面节肢动物群落结构封育内外差异的主要影响因素,而且不同地面节肢动物类群对封育内外生境的选择性而表现出不同的响应特征。     

The effects of two shipping treatments on the carcass characteristics of bulls implanted with zeranol and unimplanted steers

A total of 144 male crossbred calves were allocated to four management treatments (bulls; steers; bulls implanted with zeranol at 100 d of age and re-implanted at 69, 93 and 56 d thereafter; bulls implanted with zeranol at 168 d of age and re-implanted at 93 and 56 d thereafter), and two pre-slaughter shipping treatments (minimum pre-slaughter stress with cattle shipped and slaughtered within 4 h of leaving the feedlot pen; moderate pre-slaughter stress with cattle mixed, trucked 160 km and slaughtered up to 24 h of leaving the feedlot pen) in a 4 X 2 factorial arrangement. Management treatment had no significant effect on carcass pH (45 min), carcass muscle temperature (45 min), or peak shear-force of cooked longissimus muscle. Steers had significantly lower dressing percentage, warm-carcass weight, hide weight and carcass-lean content, but higher marbling score, fat thickness and intramuscular-fat content than all treatments with bulls. Minimum pre-slaughter stress resulted in significantly lower dressing percentage, warm-carcass weight, and carcass pH (45 min), but generally had no effect on carcass tissue-yield measurements compared with the moderate stress treatment. Implanted bulls produced carcasses with significantly darker meat, higher 24-h pH and lower meat expressible juice than bulls and castrates for the moderate pre-slaughter stress treatment. These results provide evidence that zeranol implantation in bulls had a minor influence on carcass characteristics, and did not reduce the incidence of dark-cutting carcasses in young bulls subjected to moderate pre-slaughter shipping stress.     

龙岩地区部分猪场弓形虫病的血清学调查

通过间接血凝(IHA)试验对采自龙岩地区12个猪场的2055份猪血清进行弓形虫病的抗体检测,结果表明猪弓形虫病在龙岩地区呈散发性流行。样品阳性率为5.99%,各猪场之间的抗体阳性率有一定差异,最高为16.22%,最低为0。在母猪群中随着胎次的增加,弓形虫病抗体阳性率也升高,由1～2胎的6.72%上升到5胎以上的12.18%;育肥猪群总体弓形虫病抗体阳性率较低,由哺乳仔猪的10.94%缓慢降至育肥猪的1.62%,呈现出随日龄增加弓形虫病抗体阳性率逐渐降低的趋势。     

Dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion for 24 hours during and after propofol or isoflurane anaesthesia in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cardiovascular and respiratory effects and pharmacokinetics of a 24-hour intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI) of dexmedetomidine (DMED) during and after propofol (PRO) or isoflurane (ISO) anaesthesia in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, cross-over study. ANIMALS: Ten healthy adult Beagles. METHODS: Instrumented dogs received a DMED-loading bolus (25 microg m(-2)) at time 0 followed by a 24-hour CRI (25 microg m(-2) hour(-1)), with PRO or ISO induction/maintenance of anaesthesia during the first 2 hours (PRO and ISO treatment groups, respectively). Cardiovascular, respiratory, blood gas, airway gas, serum chemistry variables and DMED plasma concentration data were collected at -15, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. A number of cardiorespiratory and tissue oxygenation variables were calculated from the above data. After the 2-hours of anaesthesia, heart and respiratory rates and electrocardiograms were recorded and DMED plasma concentrations were determined for up to 26 hours. RESULTS: Vasopressor effects and the decrease in heart rate (HR) and cardiac index induced by DMED were greater for PRO than ISO, but were within clinically acceptable ranges. Adequate oxygenation was maintained above the critical O(2) delivery level. The overall incidence of unfavourable arrhythmias was low and tended to vary inversely with HR. Mean DMED plasma concentration ranged from 0.23 to 0.47 ng mL(-1) for both groups during the 24-hour CRI with a mean elimination half-life of approximately 0.46 hour. CONCLUSION AND/CLINICAL RELEVANCE: DMED CRI resulted in typical alpha(2)-agonist induced haemodynamic changes with minimal respiratory effects, and appeared to be an efficacious adjunct during and after PRO or ISO anaesthesia in healthy dogs.     

饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪肠道黏膜免疫应答的影响及大豆异黄酮的干预作用

本试验旨在通过研究饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪生长性能、肠道黏膜氧化相关指标、免疫因子、氧化和免疫共同相关因子的影响以及添加大豆异黄酮(SI)对其的干预作用,探讨氧化应激对新生仔猪生长、肠道免疫应答的影响机制.试验选用4日龄新生仔猪96头,分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头仔猪,各组饲粮中分别添加5%新鲜鱼油(Ⅰ组)、5%...