苜蓿皂甙的理化性质及其生物学功能

虽然苜蓿皂甙作为一种抗营养因子限制了苜蓿在畜牧生产中的广泛应用,但苜蓿皂甙能够降低单胃动物血浆胆固醇,为人类提供安全、保健的畜产品。为此本文对苜蓿皂甙的理化性质、制备及生物学功能进行了综述。     

小反刍兽疫病毒双抗原夹心时间分辨荧光免疫测定方法的建立

通过优化大肠埃希菌密码子、优化表达条件等方法,在大肠埃希菌表达系统中成功获得了可溶性的N蛋白与NH融合蛋白。进一步基于纯化的可溶性N蛋白与NH融合蛋白建立了小反刍兽疫病毒双抗原夹心时间分辨荧光免疫测定方法。该方法敏感性高,特异性强,能够特异性的检测羊血清中的小反刍兽疫病毒抗体,与其他相关疫病病原无交叉反应;重复性试验组内与组间变异系数均小于10%。对292份临床血清样品进行检测,与法国IDVET竞争ELISA试剂盒比较,阳性样品符合率为92.47%,阴性样品符合率为97.26%,总的符合率为94.86%。该方法与传统的ELISA方法相比,具有敏感性、特异性相当,操作简单、快速,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

Strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type isolated in China between 1953 and 1960 show close similarity to strains of the Africa/Australia cluster

In this study, six Chinese strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (MmmSC) isolated between 1953-1960 were analysed and their molecular characteristics compared to those of the African PG1 and Afade strains, the European C305 and 138/5 strains and the closely related caprine M. mycoides subsp.mycoides large colony type Y-goat strain. PCR amplification of long DNA fragments showed that the six Chinese strains, the PG1 strain and the Y-goat strain, just like Afade, did not have the 8.84 kb deletion characteristic of the European strains C305 and 138/5. In comparison, the lppB gene sequence of the six MmmSC Chinese strains was found to be 99% homologous to that of PG1and Afade, but <93% homologous to the Y-goat sequence. The anti-rLppB antiserum reacted with PG1, Y-goat and the six Chinese strains at 67 kDa sites in Western blot, indicating that the lppB gene and its encoding protein exist in the Chinese strains. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of MmmSC strains from various regions confirmed that the Chinese strains were identical to the African and Australian cluster. This finding was further supported by the outcome of selective primer amplification. Based on these results, it is suggested that CBPP in China may have originated from Australia.     

北京市规模化奶牛场运动场防雨现状及建议

运动场是保障奶牛生产力和动物福利的重要设施。2021年6—9月,频繁降雨导致北京地区多家奶牛场的运动场积水,为奶牛生产力、奶牛场生防安全、环境卫生、运动场舒适性和动物福利带来隐患。通过线上线下结合,调研了北京地区27 家规模化奶牛场的运动场防雨、排水及垫料现状。结果表明：调研奶牛场中,88.90%奶牛场配备了运动场,其中83.33%奶牛场通过设置地面倾角、设置挡雨棚、雨污分离槽及布设排水管道（沟渠）、雨后水泵排水等方式实现运动场防雨及排水。此外,针对运动场建设、运动场防雨、运动场舒适性展开讨论,以期改善运动场防雨现状,满足集约化奶牛场可持续发展需求和提升动物福利。     

Purification and characterization of feline ghrelin and its possible role

Ghrelin, a novel 28-amino acid peptide with an n-octanoyl modification at Ser3, has been isolated from rat and human stomach as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Here, we purified feline ghrelin and examined its possible physiological role in cats. The major active form of feline ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide octanoylated (C8:0) at Ser3; except for one amino acid residue replacement, this structure is identical to those of rat and human ghrelins. However, much structural divergence in peptide length and fatty acid modification was observed in feline ghrelin: peptides consisting of 27 or 26 amino acids lacking Gln14 and/or Arg28 were found, and the third serine residue was modified by octanoic acid (C8:0), decanoic acid (10:0), or unsaturated fatty acids (C8:1, C10:1 and C10:2). In agreement with the structural divergence, two kinds of cDNA with different lengths were isolated. Administration of synthetic rat ghrelin increased plasma growth hormone levels in cats, with a potency similar to that in rat or human. Plasma levels of ghrelin in cats increased approximately 2.5-fold after fasting. The present study indicates the existence of structural divergence in feline ghrelin and suggests that, as in other animals, ghrelin may play important roles in GH release and feeding in cats.     

Surgical outcome and ocular complications of evisceration and intraocular prosthesis implantation in dogs with end stage glaucoma: a review of 20 cases

Surgical outcome and complications following evisceration and implantation of intraocular silicone prosthesis (ISP) in 20 canine eyes with end-stage glaucoma were analyzed, including clinical signs, complications, cosmetic appearance, and owners' responses. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 312 days. Major short-term surgical complications were central corneal ulceration (6/20) and infections (3/20), while long-term complication was keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) (2/20). All patient owners (100%) showed satisfied with the surgical outcome and postoperative cosmetic effect including 85% of the owners gave an excellent or good rating of satisfaction. No more medication needed for long term control except the KCS cases. With careful case selection and post-operative care, evisceration with ISP implantation proves a good and safe surgical procedure with minimal complications for end stage glaucoma.     

ZBED6基因敲除猪肾脏转录组分析

【目的】探究锌指BED结构域结合蛋白6(zinc finger BED domain-containing protein 6,ZBED6)基因敲除对猪肾脏组织基因转录表达的影响,并解析ZBED6基因调控猪肾脏代谢的靶基因及其通路。【方法】对8月龄ZBED6基因敲除巴马香猪(ZBED6 KO)和同月龄野生型巴马香猪(WT)的肾脏组织(n=3)进行总RNA提取,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测胰岛素样生长因子2(insulin-like growth factor 2,IGF2)和差异基因的表达量;以Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术对ZBED6 KO和WT猪肾脏组织mRNA进行转录组测序(RNA-Seq),用猪Sus scrofa 11.1作为参考基因组序列,通过生物信息学软件TopHat、Cufflink、Cuffmerge和Cuffdiff对测序数据进行分析,筛选ZBED6 KO和WT猪肾脏组织中的差异表达基因,对差异表达基因进行层次聚类和KEGG通路富集分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR验证RNA-Seq结果中差异表达基因的可靠性。【结果】实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,ZBED6 K...     

外源赤霉素GA3对偃麦草属植物种子萌发特性的影响

促进偃麦草属植物种子萌发是偃麦草属植物栽培草地成功建植的关键。通过不同浓度外源赤霉素 GA₃溶液(0、500、1 000、1 500 和 2 000 mg/L)对长穗偃麦草、中间偃麦草和偃麦草种子进行浸种处理,分析外源 GA₃对 3 种偃麦草属植物种子萌发及生理特性的影响。结果表明：随外源 GA₃处理浓度的增加,3 种偃麦草属植物种子发芽率和发芽势均显著提高,1 500 mg/L 是最适合打破种子休眠而萌发的浓度;GA₃浸种处理促进了 3 种偃麦草属植物种子胚根和胚芽的生长,提高了内源生长促进物质 IAA 和 GA₃ 含量,降低生长抑制物质 ABA 含量,且提高了胚芽的 POD 活性,降低了 MDA 含量。 1 500 mg/L 外源 GA₃浸种处理可较好地调控种子内源激素含量继而促进种子萌发,为偃麦草属植物种子高效生产和草地建植提供了理论依据。     

官方兽医涉嫌犯动植物检疫徇私舞弊罪的解析

官方兽医是维护兽医卫生正常秩序的"保卫者",关系到动物疫病防控效果、养殖业健康发展和公共卫生安全。但近期频繁出现官方兽医的违法案例,其中涉嫌犯动植物检疫徇私舞弊罪的案例占了很大比例。本文通过对动植物检疫徇私舞弊罪的概念和构成要件进行分析,解析了官方兽医涉嫌犯动植物检疫徇私舞弊罪的若干方面内容。