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91.
The construction and application of a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for methadone in Beagles and Greyhounds
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![点击此处可从《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Trevor Elwell‐Cuddy Miao Li Butch KuKanich Zhoumeng Lin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(5):670-683
Methadone is an opioid analgesic in veterinary and human medicine. To help develop appropriate pain management practices and to develop a quantitative model for predicting methadone dosimetry, a flow‐limited multiroute physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for methadone in dogs constructed with Berkeley Madonna? was developed. The model accounts for intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), and oral administrations, and compartmentalizes the body into different components. This model was calibrated from plasma pharmacokinetic data after IV administration of methadone in Beagles and Greyhounds. The calibrated model was evaluated with independent data in both breeds of dogs. One advantage of this model is that most physiological parameter values for Greyhounds were taken directly from the original literature. The developed model simulates available pharmacokinetic data for plasma concentrations well for both breeds. After conducting regression analysis, all simulated datasets produced an R 2 > 0.80 when compared to the measured plasma concentrations. Comparative analysis of the dosimetry of methadone between the breeds suggested that Greyhounds had ~50% lower 24‐hr area under the curve (AUC) of plasma or brain concentrations than in Beagles. Furthermore, population analysis was conducted with this study. This model can be used to predict methadone concentrations in multiple dog breeds using breed‐specific parameters. 相似文献
92.
Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance,gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers
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![点击此处可从《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
R. B. Liao H. J. Yan G. H. Liu S. Zhang W. H. Chang W. Liu C. H. Lin X. Y. Huang H. Y. Cai 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):e849-e855
This study was to investigate the effect of oxidized wheat gluten (OG) on growth performance, gut morphology and its oxidative states of broilers. One hundred and eighty‐day‐old male broilers (10 chicks/pen) were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments: control diet (CON), diet with 8% wheat gluten (WG) and diet with 8% OG with six pens/treatment. Body weight (BW) (21 and 35 days) and average daily gain (ADG) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) decreased (p < .05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) increased (p < .05) in OG treatment. Feed intake (FI) decreased (p < .05) in WG and OG treatments during 22–35 days. However, FI was not influenced by dietary treatments during 1–21 days (p > .05). The OG‐fed broilers had a lower faecal pH value (p < .05) and higher faecal moisture content (p < 05) at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Villus height, crypt depth and V/C value were not different (p > .05) among treatments at 21 and 35 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) (21 and 35 days) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (35 days) content in crop of OG treatment increased (p < .05). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (21 days), LPO (21 and 35 days) and MDA (21 and 35 days) content in ileum of OG treatment increased (p < .05). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) (21 days) and (GSH) (35 days) in ileum of OG treatment decreased (p < .05). The present findings indicate that OG might be a stressor for broiler gut, which could induce oxidative stress both in crop and in ileum, and the diarrhoea as well. The growth performance of broiler was consequently depressed. 相似文献
93.
Methyl donors dietary supplementation to gestating sows diet improves the growth rate of offspring and is associating with changes in expression and DNA methylation of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 gene
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Yang Zhao Yuedong Xuan Daolin Mou Hong Liu Pan Zhou Zhengfeng Fang Lianqiang Che Shengyu Xu Bin Feng Jian Li Xuemei Jiang Yan Lin De Wu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(5):1340-1350
The study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal dietary methyl donors on the performance of sows and their offspring, and the associated hepatic insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) expression of the offspring. A total of 24 multiparous sows were randomly fed the control (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with methyl donors (MD) at 3 g/kg betaine, 15 mg/kg folic acid, 400 mg/kg choline and 150 μg/kg VB12, from mating until delivery. After farrowing, sows were fed a common lactation diet through a 28‐days lactation period and six litters per treatment were selected to be fed until at approximately 110 kg BW. Maternal MD supplementation resulted in greater birthweight (p < 0.05) and increased the piglet weights (p < 0.01) and litter weights (p < 0.05) at the age of day 28, compared with that in CON group. The offspring pigs in the MD group had greater ADG (p < 0.05) and tended to lower F:G ratio (p = 0.07) compared with that of CON group from day 28 to 180 of age. The offspring pigs from MD group had greater serum IGF‐1 concentrations and expressions of hepatic IGF‐1 gene and muscular IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1r) protein at birth (p < 0.05), and greater hepatic IGF‐1 protein (p = 0.03) and muscular IGF‐1r gene expressions (p < 0.05) at slaughter, than that from the CON group. Moreover, the methylation at the promoter of IGF‐1 gene in the liver of newborn piglets and finishing pigs was greater in the MD group than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal MD supplementation throughout gestation could enhance the birthweight and postnatal growth rate of offspring, associated with an increased expression of the IGF‐1 gene and IGF‐1r, as well as the altered DNA methylation of IGF‐1 gene promotor. 相似文献
94.
Effects of five cryoprotectants on proliferation and differentiation‐related gene expression of frozen‐thawed bovine calf testicular tissue
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Hao Li Yi‐Lin Bian Nicola Schreurs Xiao‐Gang Zhang Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza Qian Fang Li‐Qiang Wang Jian‐Hong Hu 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(5):1211-1218
The cryopreservation of testicular tissue is a potential method for preserving male fertility. However, the effect of cryopreservation on bovine calf testicular tissue is scarce. This study investigated the effect of different cryoprotectants on bovine calf testicular tissue at the molecular level. Testicular tissue from ten immature bovine calves (6 months) was collected after slaughter and cryopreserved in an extender containing different concentrations of the following five cryopreservation solutions (CP): bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), trehalose with 5% DMSO, DMSO and glycerol and ethylene glycol (EG). After 7‐day cryopreservation, the expression levels of three spermatogonial stem cell (SSC)‐related genes, octamer‐4 (OCT4), KIT ligand (MGF/SCF) and kit oncogene (C‐KIT), were investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The cell viability was highest for the tissues preserved with 30 mg/ml BSA (77.82% ± 1.22) and 40 mg/ml trehalose (74.23% ± 1.16) compared with other groups (p < 0.05), and the level of expression of the three genes was highest with 30 mg/ml BSA (p < 0.05). Compared with other CPs, the 30 mg/ml BSA and 40 mg/ml trehalose have the better cryopreserve protection. The 30 mg/ml BSA is the most viable media for the cryopreservation of testicular tissue from cattle. 相似文献
95.
在"互联网+"大潮改造着各行各业的背景下,新时期的草业企业经营管理模式正发生着深刻的变化。基于此,以草业电商的实例——草都易牧连锁超市为例,分析其经营管理模式,并运用成本效益分析法从理论上探讨其经济可行性。结果表明,草都易牧连锁超市的经营管理模式为"互联网+草业"模式。该模式能将牧区饲草料的需求和供给对接起来,增加参与其中的线上牧户与入驻企业的利润,实现二者的共赢,在理论上具有经济可行性。草都易牧连锁超市的大胆尝试是草业企业在当前经济社会环境下一种重要的"互联网+草业"创新模式。通过对"互联网+"在草业中具体应用的深入探讨,认为草业企业的"互联网+草业"模式多主体分析、实证分析以及草产业链尺度分析或将成为"互联网+草业"未来的3个重点研究方向。 相似文献
96.
采用盆栽试验研究了高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)幼苗在不同盐浓度胁迫下生物量、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质对硅的响应。结果显示,随盐浓度增加高羊茅生物量逐渐降低,而盐浓度小于50 mmol·L~(-1)或大于250mmol·L~(-1)时,硅对高羊茅生物量没有明显影响,盐浓度介于50到250mmol·L~(-1),硅显著提高了高羊茅生物量(P0.05)。随着盐浓度增加过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈上升趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性先上升后下降,添加硅虽然提高了POD、SOD和CAT活性,但不同酶显著增加时盐浓度存在一定的差异。可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量随着盐浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,丙二醛含量呈上升趋势,盐浓度为200和250mmol·L~(-1)时,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量达到峰值,添加硅均降低了高羊茅体内可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛含量。上述结果表明,硅对高羊茅适应盐胁迫能力的影响在盐浓度间存在分异,过低或过高盐浓度时,硅对高羊茅适应性没有显著影响,中盐浓度时,硅能通过增强高羊茅体内的抗氧化酶活性、改善渗透调节过程和降低膜质氧化来增强其对盐胁迫的适应性。 相似文献
97.
为验证比格犬源芽孢杆菌的安全性,以小鼠为试验动物,研究该菌对小鼠体重和组织脏器的影响。将40只30日龄SPF级小白鼠(雌雄各20只)随机分为4组,每组10只。对照组饲喂普通日粮;试验组在饲喂普通日粮的基础上,每只灌服0.2 m L比格犬源芽孢杆菌菌液(109 cfu/m L);每隔2 d测定体重;18 d后,将小鼠脱臼处死,取脾脏、肾脏称重;将肝脏、十二指肠、空肠和回肠用福尔马林固定,做组织切片试验。结果显示:试验组与对照组小鼠的体重差异不显著(P0.05);试验组小鼠肾脏重量有增加,肾脏指数与对照组相比,有显著性差异(P0.05);试验组公鼠脾脏重量增加明显,与对照组相比,差异极显著(P0.01);试验组小鼠肠绒毛较发达,肝小叶结构清晰,肝窦和门管区明显可见。试验证明,比格犬源芽孢杆菌对小鼠十二指肠、空肠、回肠和肝脏的正常结构未造成危害,说明比格犬源芽孢杆菌是安全可用的,且对组织脏器有一定的促生长作用。 相似文献
98.
以草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)873毒株为试验材料,建立了GCRV荧光定量PCR检测方法;用GCRV873株感染CIK细胞及草鱼,通过对病毒RNA复制水平、子代病毒含量以及细胞病变等情况进行监测,研究其在CIK细胞及草鱼体内的生长特性。在CIK细胞中,GCRV感染后12 h即可检测到子代病毒,36 h时,所有细胞被感染;72 h时,病毒滴度达到最高,为10~(6.75) TCID_(50)/mL。在草鱼的肝、脾、肾中,均能检测到GCRV RNA,其中肾脏中含量最高,其次是肝脏,脾脏中最少。本试验为研究GCRV致病机理及制备细胞灭活疫苗奠定了试验基础。 相似文献
99.
2002年,为提升动物外来病入侵和生物恐怖袭击的应对能力,美国以联邦、州立和大学动物卫生诊断实验室为基础,组建了国家动物卫生实验室网络(NAHLN)。十多年来,NAHLN几乎覆盖了美国所有公立动物疫病诊断实验室,网络体系趋于完善;通过联邦和各州持续投资,NAHLN实验室强化了生物安全设施、标准化快检技术、质量体系、电子报告系统、人员素质和应急监测预案等6方面建设,能力大幅提升;按照早发现、快反应、有序恢复(无疫)的理念,设置了风险监测、应急监测、无疫监测3种模式,对10余种优先防范和控制病种实施分类监测,在发现疫情和证实无疫方面发挥了重要作用,HANLN的名字由此得到了美国政府、国会和行业的认可。同时,HANLN也面临着经费支持不足、被动监测组织性不够等问题。 相似文献
100.