皱纹盘鲍浅海养殖技术探讨

从北方引进皱纹盘鲍子一代杂交种苗,在罗源湾岗屿周边海域养殖,经过2年的试养取得可喜结果,解决了现有盘鲍种质严重退化的棘手问题,改善了鲍的种质。     

四甲基戊二酸对夏玉米光合生产特征的调控效应

为研究四甲基戊二酸(TGA)对夏玉米光合特征和产量的调控效应, 2018、2019年在中国农业科学院新乡试验基地开展大田试验,以中单909 (ZD909)和京农科728 (JNK728)为试验材料,设置5个TGA施用梯度(0、75、150、225和300 g hm^–2)。结果表明,适宜剂量的TGA处理可提高玉米产量、延缓玉米生育期内功能叶的衰老速率,增强灌浆期的净光合速率,试验条件下TGA的最佳施用量为150 g hm^–2。在TGA最佳施用量下, ZD909和JNK728的产量相比对照2年平均分别增加8.7%和11.7%。2个品种玉米生育期内叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量和光合势相比对照平均分别增加14.3%和19.7%、18.7%和22.7%、10.9%和16.9%;而叶片衰老速率相比对照平均降低了55.9%和56.5%;灌浆期的净光合速率相比对照平均分别增加44.0%和58.4%。相关性分析表明,玉米产量与生育期内叶片衰老速率呈显著负相关,而与灌浆期净光合速率呈显著正相关。综上, TGA处理能够提高叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量,延缓玉米叶片衰老...     

小麦族的基因组显性及其育种学意义

小麦族包含大量由不同基因组组成的异源多倍体物种。同一个异源多倍体物种的不同基因组可能对表型性状产生非对称性贡献,例如小麦属多倍体物种的形态分类特性,更像其A基因组供体物种,这种现象称为A基因组显性。由于基因组显性,小麦族形成了以A、D、U、St为轴心(显性)基因组的异源多倍体物种簇。异源多倍体物种的基因组显性可能与其进化适应优势的形成有关。在育种方面,基因组显性影响多倍体新作物开发及小麦-外源染色体易位设计。     

Paspalines C–D and Paxillines B–D: New Indole Diterpenoids from Penicillium brefeldianum WZW-F-69

Five new indole diterpenoids named paspaline C–D (1–2) and paxilline B–D (3–5), as well as eleven known analogues (6–16), were identified from fungus Penicillium brefeldianum strain WZW-F-69, which was isolated from an abalone aquaculture base in Fujian province, China. Their structures were elucidated mainly through 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra analysis and ECD comparison. Compound 1 has a 6/5/5/6/6/8 hexacyclic ring system bearing 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxocane, which is rare in natural products. Compound 2 has an unusual open F-ring structure. The cytotoxic activities against 10 cancer cell lines and antimicrobial activities against model bacteria and fungi of all compounds were assayed. No compound showed antimicrobial activity, but at a concentration of 1 μM, compounds 1 and 6 exhibited the highest inhibition rates of 71.2% and 83.4% against JeKo-1 cells and U2OS cells, respectively.     

Eremophilane-Type Sesquiterpenes from a Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium Copticola with Antitumor and Neuroprotective Activities

Chemical examination of a marine sponge-associated Penicillium copticola fungus resulted in the isolation of ten undescribed eremophilanes, namely copteremophilanes A–J (1–10), along with two new glycosides, 5-glycopenostatin F (11) and 5-glucopenostatin I (12). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data, in association with ECD data and chemical conversions for configurational assignments. Analogs 1, 2, and 10 represent a group of uncommon skeletons of eremophilanes with an aromatic ring and a methyl migration from C-5 to C-9, and analogs 11 and 12 are characteristic of a PKS scaffold bearing a glucose unit. The incorporation of a chlorinated phenylacetic unit in 3–9 is rarely found in nature. Analog 7 showed neuroprotective effect, whereas 8 exhibited selective inhibition against human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). This study enriched the chemical diversity of eremophilanes and extended their bioactivities to neuroprotection.     

响应面法优化金花葵微波萃取工艺研究及香气分析

为了研究金花葵(Hibiseusmanihot L.)在烟草、香料等方面的开发和应用,以响应面法对微波萃取金花葵干花的工艺条件进行优化,并对其挥发性成分进行了分析鉴定。在单因素试验基础上,选择预处理加水量、萃取时间、萃取压力为影响因素,以金花葵提取率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken试验设计建立数学模型进行响应面分析,采用同时蒸馏提取装置收集挥发性成分并用气相色谱-质谱仪进行分析和鉴定。结果表明,最佳提取条件为预处理加水量为1∶2.5(g∶mL),萃取时间为85 min,萃取功率为520 W,金花葵提取率为0.290%。共鉴定出45种化合物,主要成分为(E)-9-二十碳烯、β-谷甾醇、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、乙酸、n-十八碳七氟丁酸酯、邻苯二甲酸单乙基己基酯、(3β)-麦角甾-5,24-二烯-3-醇、豆甾醇、9-十九碳烯等。微波萃取法可作为萃取金花葵烟用香料的有效方法,工艺稳定、可行。     

紫阳群体种朱雀寺古茶树红茶生化成分检测与品质分析

对2018年春、秋两季研制的朱雀寺红茶主要生化成分含量和感官品质进行评审,判断其品质特征。结果表明,朱雀寺春红茶乌褐润亮、均匀紧结、香甜持久、汤红艳明亮;秋红茶外形略显粗松,但仍有甜香醇正、汤色红亮等特点,综合得分显示春红茶属一级二等茗优茶,秋红茶属三级一等优质茶。朱雀寺春、秋红茶茶样的总灰分和水浸物含量符合国家标准;茶多酚、咖啡碱、游离氨基酸以及茶色素含量与国内其他产地红茶相差甚少;微量元素硒平均含量在0.038 1～0.263 0 mg/kg;重金属Pb、As、Hg和Cd含量均低于国家茶叶出口质量规定标准。春、秋茶样均未检测到48种农药残留的存在。无论是在感官方面,还是在主要内含物和农药残留上,朱雀寺春、秋红茶茶样都符合相关国家标准,整体水平达到纯天然有机优质红茶。     

泡椒专用品种--辛红1号的选育

辛红1号是由我所收集的国外辣椒品种“胡椒味辣椒”,采用系谱法,经过多代分离、定向选择获得的一个泡椒专用品种。该品种为半辛辣型,尾味带甜,果实硬度好,特适宜泡制。果实圆柱形,青椒深绿色,老熟时大红色,果面有少许网纹,一般667m2产红椒1400kg。经多点试验和生产示范,适宜在我国西南、长江流域和南方大部分地区种植。     

雪莲果紫斑病菌生物学特性初步研究

设定不同培养基、pH值、不同温度和光照条件对雪莲果紫斑病病原菌进行生物学特性的初步研究。结果表明,雪莲果紫斑病菌的最适培养基为PDA,菌丝最适生长温度为24℃,最佳pH值为7～8,光照对菌丝生长影响不大。     

辣椒白粉病防治技术初探

采用引进新农药拿敌稳75%WG(水分散粒剂)开展其不同浓度防治辣椒白粉病试验,探讨辣椒白粉病最佳防治技术。试验结果表明:拿敌稳75%WG3000倍液防治辣椒白粉病,防效达95.27%;增产效果最明显,其平均株高、鲜株重、百果干重、每株总果数、单产、商品率均高于其它处理和当地对照药剂;经济效益比为1∶13.41。