对分割肉检疫监管的探讨

公众对肉类产品的需求逐渐由白条肉向品牌化、精细化的分割肉方向发展,相关产品的检验、检疫、监管已成为社会关注的热点。本文对三种不同类型肉品分割行为进行了分析,探讨检疫监管存在的问题,并提出明确监管主体、修订相关法律法规、建立追溯平台、强化主体责任的建议,供同仁参考。     

猪瘟退出强制免疫后的若干问题

猪瘟在我国被列为一类动物传染病,是危害养猪业生产的主要传染病之一。自2007年起,我国制定了以强制免疫为主的猪瘟综合防控策略,在实施了近10年的强制免疫后,我国的猪瘟群体免疫抗体合格率持续维持在较高水平,病原检出率逐年下降,猪瘟临床表现趋于和缓,流行情况趋于稳定。虽然现阶段仍存在原种场、种猪场和商品场的免疫水平参差不齐,不同省份间免疫状况差异较大,诊断、鉴别技术发展相对缓慢等情况,但强制免疫政策的实施有效控制了猪瘟的发生与流行。2017年猪瘟退出了国家强制免疫计划,改为对符合条件的养殖场实行"先打后补"的财政补助政策,这表明我国猪瘟防控取得阶段性成果,猪瘟防控进入了新的历史阶段。但防控也面临着若干新问题:一是养殖者主体责任意识不强;二是病原阳性率与临床发病率匹配度较低;三是疫情监测网络监测效率低;四是如何做好高密度免疫;五是财政支持政策需进行科学调整;六是需研究猪瘟净化方案。解决好这些问题是我国下一阶段猪瘟防控工作的关键:一要明确养殖者的防疫主体责任;二要厘清猪瘟监测阳性率与实际发病率之间关系;三要强化猪瘟监测网络建设;四要建立系统的疫苗效果评价机制;五要优化财政支持政策,充分发挥政府和市场两种资源;六要尽快研究制定符合我国国情的猪瘟净化技术方案。     

一株抗马铃薯坏疽病莫海威芽孢杆菌(Bacillusmojavensis ZA1)培养条件的优化

为了提高生防菌株莫海威芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis ZA1)液体发酵的生物量,利用单因素试验设计与响应曲面试验设计相结合的方法对ZA1摇瓶发酵条件进行了优化。结果表明,ZA1的最佳培养基配比为氯化铵14.25 g、玉米粉19 g、马铃薯237 g、水1000 mL,最佳发酵条件为pH 7.7、培养温度28℃、转速180 r/min及发酵时间36 h,ZA1优化后活菌数为4.12×10¹⁰ CFU/mL。通过中心组合试验设计确定ZA1在10 L发酵罐中的最佳溶氧量为60%和转速为180 r/min;最优条件下,发酵ZA1的放罐时间确定为36 h,活菌数达到1.59×10¹¹ CFU/mL。该结果为利用ZA1开发生防制剂奠定了基础。     

Oral immunization using formalin-inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae antigens entrapped in microspheres with aqueous dispersion polymers prepared using a co-spray drying process

Oral-vaccine microspheres based on formalin-inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 (AP-1) antigens and enteric-coated polymers were prepared using a co-spray drying process. We evaluated using this for a peroral vaccine. We measured specific-antibody titers and protection from challenge in mouse and pig models. In mice (24 per group), a subcutaneous aluminum-adjuvant vaccine or oral vaccination with three doses of AQ6-AP microspheres provided similar protection against intranasal challenge with 5 x 10(8) colony-formation units (cfu) of AP-1 bacterial culture broth. Two weeks after four oral vaccinations with 600 mg of AQ6-AP microsphere acetate solution (containing formalin-inactivated AP-1 antigens of 1.0 x 10(10) cfu bacterial broth), pigs (9 per group) were challenged intranasally with 1 ml of AP-1 bacterial culture broth (5 x 10(9) cfu). The clinical signs, percentage of pig survival ratio, lung lesion areas, and microscopic examinations indicated that the oral AQ6-AP vaccine provided more protection than vaccinating pigs intramuscularly with AP-1 aluminum vaccine.     

哺乳动物繁殖季节性相关基因的研究进展

光照周期或季节更替调控松果体褪黑激素的分泌,下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴接收来自褪黑激素的信息并整合机体内部生理状态后调控下丘脑GnRH的脉冲释放,确保动物在一年中最适宜的时间进行繁殖。哺乳动物在长期进化过程中形成了一定的繁殖节律,已确定一些基因与繁殖的季节性有关。笔者简要介绍了褪黑激素受体1A基因、褪黑激素受体1B基因、KiSS-1/GPR54基因等与哺乳动物繁殖季节性的关系。     

应用套入式聚合酶链反应(Nested-PCR)检测蓝舌病病毒的研究

本实验建立了一种Ｎｅｓｔｅｄ－ＰＣＲ方法。应用方法检测５株标准株蓝舌病病毒（Ｔ４、Ｔ１０、Ｔ１１、Ｔ１６、Ｔ２０）和５株国内蓝舌病病毒分离株（ＣＦ４、ＡＦ６、Ｚ１、Ｈ１、Ｇ１４）,检测结果均为阳性,而检测相关环状病毒（ＥＨＤ２、ＥＨＤ６、Ｉｂｒａｋｉ）,检测结果均生。研究证明,此方法可检测到３．５ｆｇ的ＢＴＶ－ＲＮＡ,灵敏度较高。该方法成功区分了蓝病病毒和相关环状病毒,比血清学方法更加优势,在临床     

The Epidemiology and Characteristics of Q fever and Co‐infections with Scrub Typhus,Murine Typhus or Leptospirosis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Database Study

Q fever (QF) is a worldwide zoonosis associated with outbreaks. Only a few nationwide studies regarding the surveillance and epidemiology of human QF have been reported. Although QF is endemic in Taiwan, a nationwide database investigation of the epidemiology and characteristics of QF and its associations with scrub typhus (ST), murine typhus (MT) and leptospirosis (LS) has never been reported. We analysed nationwide databases of suspected QF, ST, MT and LS cases from October 2007 to December 2014 obtained from the Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan. A total of 468 (4.2%) QF cases were identified among 11 109 suspected QF cases. QF cases were mainly distributed in the southern and Kaohsiung–Pingtung regions but rarely in the eastern region. Compared to non‐QF cases, QF cases had significantly higher percentages of males (88.7 versus 66.2%) and high‐risk occupations (farming, animal husbandry or veterinary medicine) (16.2 versus 10.5%). But the percentages of specific animal contact, including cattle (0.6 versus 0.8%) and goats (0.9 versus 1.0%), were low in both. The majority of suspected QF cases (89.4%) were simultaneously suspected with ST, MT or LS, and the combinations of suspected diseases differed between regions. The number of suspected QF cases from the eastern region decreased since 2009, which was not observed in other regions. A total of 1420 (12.8%) cases had confirmed diseases, including QF (453, 4.1%), QF+ST (7, 0.06%), QF+MT (4, 0.04%), QF+LS (4, 0.04%), MT (186, 1.7%), ST (545, 4.9%), ST+LS (11, 0.1%) and LS (210, 1.9%). Compared to cases of unknown disease, QF cases had larger percentages of high‐risk occupations (16.2 versus 9.6%) but similar histories of animal contact (29.8 versus 25.1%). QF is an endemic disease in southern Taiwan. It is difficult to differentiate QF from ST, MT or LS only by high‐risk occupations and history of animal contact, and co‐infection of QF with these diseases should be considered.     

黑麂血液生理生化指标的测定

首次检测了黑麂血液常规和生理生化等23项指标,并与鹿科梅花鹿做了比较。测定结果显示,黑麂的红细胞、血小板、血红蛋白、红细胞比容高于梅花鹿指标,而白细胞、红细胞体积、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度、平均血红蛋白量、红细胞体积分布宽度指标低于梅花鹿指标。黑麂白细胞分类结果显示,白细胞和单核细胞约占90%;嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞所占百分比各占约2%。黑麂血清生化指标测定结果显示,总胆固醇和血糖两项指标高于梅花鹿的指标;甘油三酯(TG)及极低密度脂蛋白(VLDI-C)含量显著高于梅花鹿。检测结果反映了黑麂的机体生理机能,是进行疾病临床诊断和治疗的依据。