LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETERS FOR THE INDUCED-NOZZLE DEVICE

The standoff of a submerged jet is smaller than a non-submerged jet in general. In order to increase the standoff of a submerged jet, the induced-nozzle device is presented with its inducing mechanism analysed in this paper. Under the various inducing medium, the effect of the ratio d2/d1 upon the device's properties is measured. Some reasonable parameters are given. When d2/d1=2.0, approximate straight region of the curve of the jet center line stagnation pressure varying with the standoff is L/d1= l0~12 for inducing air. The induced-nozzle device is compared with the conventional nozzle for shotting some samples. Several applied possibilities of the device are discussed.     

改性木质素对砖红壤磷素有效性的影响

磷肥施入砖土壤后，土壤速效磷随着时间的推移，呈现下降的趋势。利用改性木质素缓释磷铵，可以有效地络合土壤活性钵，降低其活性，从而阻止土壤速效磷被固定，使土壤磷素维持在较高的水平。土壤中交换性钙和交换性镁对土壤速效磷的影响不大。     

长白山林区主要可燃物类型地表可燃物载量分析

对长白山林区主要可燃物类型地表可燃物载量进行了对比分析和聚类分析。通过可燃物类型载量的对比分析,得出易燃的可燃物类型是云冷杉林(鱼鳞云杉103a)、落叶松林(115a)和云冷杉林(鱼鳞云杉80a),最不易燃的是岳桦林(142a)、白桦林(87a)和岳桦林(115a);释放能量最大的可燃物类型是落叶松林(115a),释放能量最小的可燃物类型是白桦林(87a)。通过各可燃物类型的1h时滞可燃物载量和地表总可燃物载量的聚类分析,可把13个可燃物类型化为6类。     

边界线分析法评价小麦/西瓜/玉米间作体系产量的限制因子

本研究旨在分析小麦/西瓜/玉米间作体系限制作物产量的关键因子,为该体系的优化提供科学依据。采用农户调研的方式,对河北省曲周县的小麦/西瓜/玉米间作模式展开调查,主要调研内容是小麦和玉米的播种量、养分投入量和产量以及西瓜的养分投入量和产量,应用边界线分析方法评价小麦/西瓜/玉米间作高产体系的限制因子。结果表明,限制小麦产量的关键因子为小麦播种量,贡献率达17.8%,而养分投入量的贡献率分别为:P₂O₅ 12.5%、K₂O 11.7%、N 8.0%。限制西瓜产量的关键因子为钾肥投入量,贡献率达15.8%,N、P₂O₅的贡献率分别为14.2%和11.8%。限制玉米产量的关键因子为氮肥投入量,贡献率达20.6%,其他因子的贡献率分别为:K₂O 14.2%,P₂O₅ 11.5%,播种密度9.2%。因此,在小麦/西瓜/玉米间作体系中,应适当调控小麦播量,优化西瓜的钾肥和玉米的氮肥投入量,促进该间作模式的产量优势。     

进口小麦中超标麦角的色选机剔除处理技术初探

通过色选机对进境小麦麦角超标进行加工处理,以剔除混在进境小麦中的麦角.结果显示:色选机可以剔除大部分麦角,使其含量降至国家标准以内.我们推荐参数(使用布勒-SORTEX B色选机时)为:小麦流量不超过设计产能80％,色选机初选异色剔除粒、疵点剔除粒分别设定为55％、50％,色选机复选异色剔除粒、疵点剔除粒分别设定为50...     

云南省元阳县籼/粳型稻瘟病菌无毒基因Avr-Pia、Avr-Pita1和Avr-Pii多样性分析

为明确云南省元阳县籼/粳型稻瘟病菌中无毒基因的多样性及差异,采用接种鉴别品种方法和PCR技术对9株粳型菌株和21株籼型菌株中无毒基因Avr-Pia、Avr-Pita1和Avr-Pii的多样性进行分析。结果显示,30株稻瘟病菌菌株中无毒基因Avr-Pia、Avr-Pita1和Avr-Pii的平均出现频率分别为33.3%、76.7%和0,Avr-Pia、Avr-Pita1在籼型菌株和粳型菌株中的出现频率分别为4.8%和100.0%、66.7%和100.0%。Avr-Pia主要为存在/缺失的多样性,籼/粳型菌株对水稻品种Achiasahi(Pia)的致病率分别为100.0%和11.1%;Avr-Pita1可划分为3个类群,除菌株CH1195属于PO类群外,籼型菌株均属于J1类群,粳型菌株则属于J2/J3类群;籼/粳型菌株对水稻品种K1(Pita)的致病率分别为100.0%和0,且籼/粳型菌株Avr-Pita1蛋白序列在第83位和第192位氨基酸差异明显。Avr-Pii在30株稻瘟病菌菌株中均未检出,籼/粳型菌株对水稻品种Fujisaka No. 5(Pii)的致病率分别为100.0%和0。表明Avr-Pia和Avr-Pita1在粳型菌株中的出现频率高于籼型菌株且变异程度低,粳型菌株中可能存在其它无毒基因使其不能侵染Fujisaka No. 5。     

Isolation and Characterization of Pepsin-Soluble Collagen from the Skin of Peru Squid (Dosidicus gigas)

Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was isolated from Peru squid (Dosidicus gigas) skin and physicochemical properties of the PSC were determined. The PSC exhibited a maximum absorbance at 220 nm. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested the collagen containing α1 and α2 chain was classified as type I collagen. Amino acid composition indicated that the collagen had lower amino acid content than that of mammalian collagen. Denaturation temperature (T_d) of the PSC was 26.8°C. The PSC had relatively high solubility in alkaline condition or NaCl concentrations below 2%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigations showed the existence of helical arrangements of collagen. The lyophilized collagen had a uniform and regular network structure. These results suggested that Peru squid skin was a potential source of collagen for further research and application.     

Effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

A feeding trial aimed to determine the effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Diets with six crude lipid levels (1.9, 13.8, 29.1, 43.6, 59.6 and 71.6 g kg^?1) were fed to sea cucumbers (initial weights 0.65 ± 0.01 g) at a density of 30 juveniles, once a day. After 60 days, body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) decreased with increasing dietary lipid levels. The sea cucumbers fed 1.9 g kg^?1 crude lipid showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) BWG than those of the sea cucumbers fed 59.6 and 71.6 g kg^?1 crude lipid. Intestinal protease and lipase activities generally increased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content of body walls generally increased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of body walls reached the maximum value at a dietary lipid level of 13.8 g kg^?1. N‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content followed the same pattern of DHA. According to the growth performance and body composition of sea cucumbers, it can be indicated that the optimum dietary lipid level for juvenile sea cucumbers is between 1.9 and 13.8 g kg^?1.     

The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Prediabetic Patients in Taiwan

Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is a functional food that regulates the immune system and has been demonstrated in numerous studies to display desirable anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) responses. In addition, excess TNF-α production is positively associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the efficiency and toxicity of FCE are available. This article reports that patients with prediabetes who received FCE had a desirable outcome of a reduction in serum TNF-α for a long period. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial conducted using FCE intervention and placebo groups, and 36 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Two grams of FCE or placebo was consumed daily for 180 consecutive days. The serum of the participants was collected at four time points (0M: before the intervention; 3M: after 3 months of intervention; 6M: after 6 months of intervention; 12M: 6 months after cessation of intervention at 6M). A serum TNF-α concentration higher than 4.05 pg/mL was defined as a cut-off value. FCE reduced serum TNF-α in all participants at 6M and 12M. Moreover, FCE significantly suppressed serum TNF-α concentrations at 6M and 12M and inhibited TNF-α release with time series in subjects with elevated TNF-α values. FCE intervention effectively reduced serum TNF-α and persistently sustained the effects for half a year in patients with prediabetes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis revealed that the major components of FCE were phytosterols and fatty acids, which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α abilities. Hence, FCE has the potential to be developed as a natural treatment for prediabetic patients in Taiwan.