毕节试验区天保一期工程建设成效及存在的问题

指出了毕节试验区天保工程通过十多年实施取得了明显成效,针对当前存在的主要问题及改进工作提出了相关建议。     

Inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 participate in anti-inflammatory activity of imperatorin from Glehnia littoralis

In this study, we have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of imperatorin, a compound isolated from the roots of Glehnia littoralis, using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) in vitro and a carrageenan (Carr)-induced mouse paw edema model in vivo. When RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with imperatorin together with LPS, a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of NO production was detected. Western blotting revealed that imperatorin blocked the protein expression of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages significantly. In the anti-inflammatory test, imperatorin decreased the paw edema at 4 and 5 h after Carr administration and increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in paw edema. We also demonstrated that imperatorin significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde level in the edema paw at the fifth hour after Carr injection. Imperatorin decreased the NO and tumor necrosis factor and prostaglandin E2 levels on serum at 5 h after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that imperatorin decreased Carr-induced iNOS and COX-2 expressions at 5 h in edema paw. An intraperitoneal injection treatment with imperatorin also diminished neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation as did indomethacin. The results suggested that imperatorin had anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and Carr-injected mice, respectively. In addition, inhibition of elevated iNOS and COX-2 protein expression as well as neutrophil infiltration of Carr-injected paws may be involved in the beneficial effects of imperatorin.     

Exploring the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sedimentary organic carbon in three Chinese lakes

Purpose  

Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total organic carbon (TOC) in lake sediments. However, with respect to the complex organic matter in recent sediments, it is still unclear which part of TOC plays a key role in controlling PAHs distributions in natural sediments. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between PAHs and TOC components of different origins in lake sediments.     

利用集成膜工艺澄清与浓缩紫甘蓝花青素

为实现紫甘蓝花青素活性成分水提液的高效浓缩,该文集成了超滤、纳滤和反渗透膜技术澄清、浓缩紫甘蓝花青素水提液的工艺。采用"总循环模式"和"批处理模式"研究优化操作工艺。测定总花青素、pH值、总可溶性固形物和颜色指标。澄清工艺中:无机陶瓷超滤膜效果较好,较佳工艺为:陶瓷膜、跨膜压力0.3MPa、循环流量40L/min。浓缩工艺中:纳滤膜工作效率略高于反渗透膜,纳滤和反渗透较佳参数分别为跨膜压力1.0MP、循环流量25L/min,跨膜压力1.47MPa、循环流量10L/min。2种工艺均可得到品质优越的花青素浓缩产品。因此逐级膜过滤可利用于花青素的澄清和浓缩,为天然活性成分水提物的非热澄清及浓缩产业化生产提供参考。     

四川花生地方品种主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

为明确四川省地方花生品种资源的遗传多样性及特征,以四川省100份地方花生品种为试验材料,参照《花生种质资源描述规范和数据标准》测试获得了生育期、主茎高和百果重等主要农艺性状的数据。结果表明,在考察的14个性状中,变异幅度最大的是二次分枝数(54.12%),变异幅度最小的是生育期(0.99%)。多样性指数最高的是主茎高度2.99,最小的是生长期0.19。采用Ward法对四川省地方花生品种进行聚类,在遗传距离阈值为5时,将其分为3个类群,均以密枝亚种为主。其中Ⅰ类群分布有7份珍珠豆型材料,Ⅲ类群分布有9份珍珠豆型材料,同一地理来源的多个地方品种交叉出现在这3个群体中。表明四川地方花生品种的遗传关系与所属类型和区域来源无关,但花生品种间具有丰富的遗传多样性。研究可在提高地方品种的有效利用率同时,为花生育种提供理论基础和优质亲本材料。     

3种提取剂对不同类型土壤重金属的提取效果

为了研究不同提取剂对不同类型土壤重金属的提取效果,选用3种提取剂(DTPA、HCl、EDTA)提取2种母质（红壤、紫色土）发育的稻田土壤（黄泥田、紫泥田）重金属Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu的含量,比较它们的提取效果。结果表明,提取剂的提取量和提取率大小有明显差异。DTPA提取Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu的含量均值分别为135.88、167.20、5.09、17.63 mg/kg;HCl提取Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu的含量均值分别为244.79、299.97、7.74、28.75 mg/kg;EDTA提取Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu的含量均值分别为220.31、490.33、7.22、35.46 mg/kg。3种提取剂对重金属Zn、Cd提取量大小为HCl>EDTA>DTPA,对Pb、Cu提取量大小为EDTA>HCl>DTPA。从元素的提取率看,除黄泥田DTPA提取为Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn外,一般均为Cd>Pb> Cu>Zn。就不同土壤类型而言,黄泥田重金属提取率大小均为EDTA>HCl>DTPA;紫泥田Zn、Cd提取率大小为HCl>EDTA>DTPA,而Pb、Cu为EDTA>HCl>DTPA。黄泥田、紫泥田提取Pb、Cu的提取率均为EDTA>HCl>DTPA。因此不同类型土壤应该使用不同的提取剂,暗示适当提取剂的提取量可以预测糙米中重金属的累积量。     

皖南烟叶大田生育期气候条件动态评价研究

为开发能较好评价皖南烟叶大田期年度气候条件的方法,反映光温水气候因子对皖南地区烟叶生长过程的综合影响,根据烟叶的生长规律和气候条件,构建光温水气候影响函数,用主成分分析(PCA)分析演变规律,并用PCA方法确定光温水在烟叶各发育阶段的影响权重,构建烟叶气候综合影响函数。以2012年资料为实例,先分旬计算温度、降水和日照时数单因子气候影响函数和综合气候影响函数,绘制旬气候函数影响历史演变图,再计算气候要素距平,最后通过归纳汇总,分析皖南烟叶大田期气候条件对烟叶生长的影响。用气候影响函数绘制气候影响效果历史演变图,能直观地反映烟叶生育进程中光温水条件的变化对烟叶生长的影响效果,与评价常用的气候距平法结合,可分析出气候条件对烟叶生长和产量质量影响的过程、程度和成因,具有客观定量的优点,又由于它以气候平均值为基础,便于进行年际和不同地域差异的比较,评价用语标准、通俗,方便服务利用,对开展烟草长势趋势预测和评估、总结烟叶生产管理经验和促进烟叶气候资源合理利用会有帮助,同时,本研究所提供的方法也是一种能提高识别气候变化主因准确度的方法。     

添加含钙化合物对茶园土壤pH及有效氟的影响

鉴于长期饮用高氟茶可引起饮茶型氟中毒,拟通过探明茶园土壤有效氟的调控机制,为治理土壤氟污染并降低茶叶中氟含量提供理论依据。以湖南某茶园0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤为对象,通过室内模拟培养,研究不同形态和添加量的钙离子对土壤pH和有效氟含量的影响。结果表明,添加200~400 mg/kg Ca²⁺[Ca(NO₃)₂]和100~1000 mg/kg Ca²⁺[CaCl₂]后2层土壤pH由4.0降至3.5~3.7,土壤水溶态氟含量明显增加;添加60~1400 mg/kg Ca²⁺[Ca(OH)₂]时,随Ca(OH)₂添加量的增加,2层土壤pH分别升至5.13、5.23,土壤水溶态氟含量呈现先增加再降低最后增加的趋势;添加3种形态含钙化合物均降低土壤交换态氟含量。当土壤pH在3.5~6.0间变化时,以pH 5.0为拐点,土壤pH降低或升高水溶态氟含量均增加,土壤酸化时尤甚。因此,可在酸性土壤上施用白云石粉、Ca(OH)₂,在偏碱性土壤上施用Ca(NO₃)₂、CaCl₂,调整土壤pH至5.0左右,以有效降低茶园土壤有效氟含量。