大豆14-3-3蛋白与转录因子蛋白GmMYB173的互作

14-3-3蛋白家族在真核生物中普遍存在,可与其他蛋白相互作用,调控多种生理生化过程。MYB基因家族作为植物中最大的一类转录因子,广泛参与了植物的生长发育和代谢调控。本研究通过分析1个从自贡冬豆中克隆的MYB转录因子GmMYB173的亚细胞定位情况,发现GmMYB173在细胞核中特异表达;序列分析发现GmMYB173与GmMYB176相似,具有1个14-3-3蛋白的潜在结合结构域,即pST结合结构域。通过重叠延伸PCR (SOE-PCR)删除了GmMYB173序列中pST结合结构域编码序列,发现GmMYB173细胞核表达特异性消失。酵母双杂交互作分析表明,大豆基因组中所有具有表达的16个14-3-3蛋白GmSGF14a~GmSGF14p均能与GmMYB173互作。β-半乳糖苷酶活性分析发现,与GmMYB173互作最强的是GmSGF14n,GmSGF14k、GmSGF14e和GmSGF14o其次。这些结果说明14-3-3蛋白不仅与GmMYB173互作,且可能调控其在细胞内的定位,有助于研究14-3-3蛋白与GmMYB173的互作关系及其在大豆生长发育中的作用。     

自生杂麦对冬小麦产量影响的研究

对自生杂麦与冬小麦进行混染模拟试验表明，随混杂严重度的增加，主体品种接受光照减少，可育小花数及穗粒数降低，抽穗期推迟，植株增高，茎秆强度降低，群体之间郁蔽性增强，抗倒性降低，导致千粒重降低^[1,2]。虽混合公顷穗数增加，但主体品种穗数减少，导致产量降低。     

不同氮磷钾配施对芦笋生长和产量的影响

为了研究和改进芦笋栽培技术,发挥芦笋的生产潜力,针对潍坊地区的生态条件,以4年生‘冠军’为试验材料,采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,对高肥力地块和中肥力地块的N、P、K不同配比对芦笋生长和产量的影响进行详细研究。结果表明：在高肥力地块施肥无明显增产效果,土壤有机质含量达到1.36%、全氮0.091%、碱解氮41.0 mg/kg、速效磷13.4 mg/kg、速效钾140 mg/kg 以上时,对土壤再施肥无明显增产效果;中等肥力地块施肥效果明显,N、P、K 的比例以10:7:9 效果最好,产量为15000 kg/hm2的合理施肥指标为有机肥（完全腐熟）60000 kg/hm2,氮磷钾施用量分别为450、315、405 kg/hm2,全部有机肥和60%的化肥,在采笋结束时一次施入。30天后将40%的化肥作追肥施入。     

盐胁迫对二倍体马铃薯叶超微结构的影响

选取经12次轮回选择适应长日照的二倍体马铃薯富利亚(Solanum phureja,PHU)与窄刀薯(S.stenotomum,STN)杂种(PHU-STN)耐盐无性系BD54-8和盐敏感无性系BD57-3为试验材料,研究其受盐胁迫后叶部细胞超微结构的差异。BD54-8和BD57-3的试管苗培养在含有NaCl浓度为0、30mmol·L-1的MS培养基,采用H-7650型透射电子显微镜观察、拍照。结果表明,BD54-8和BD57-3在未经盐胁迫时,细胞膜、叶绿体及线粒体均保持完整,超微结构没有差异。耐盐无性系BD54-8经盐胁迫后,细胞膜、叶绿体、线粒体仍清晰可见,超微结构没有明显变化;盐敏感无性系BD57-3经盐胁迫后,细胞膜受到严重破坏,叶绿体外形受损,内部出现空泡化现象,线粒体外膜模糊、嵴减少。由此可知,耐盐无性系BD54-8比盐敏感无性系BD57-3受到的破坏轻,细胞膜、叶绿体及线粒体可作为二倍体马铃薯耐盐性鉴定的细胞学指标。     

甘蔗白条病及其致病菌Xanthomonas albilineans研究进展

由白条黄单胞杆菌Xanthomonas albilineans引起的甘蔗白条病是一种寄生在植物维管组织的系统性细菌病害,在全球多数种植甘蔗的国家或地区普遍发生,对甘蔗产业的发展构成潜在威胁。本研究综述了甘蔗白条病的发生和分布、传播与流行规律以及病原菌生物学与基因组特性、鉴定与检测、遗传多样性和致病机理等方面内容;提出加强抗病种质挖掘与新品种选育推广、加快抗病分子育种进程、切断病害传播途径、加强隔离检验检疫等病害防控策略;此外,评估了该病害在我国蔗区流行暴发的风险,展望今后甘蔗抗病分子育种、病原菌致病机制及其与寄主互作机理等方面的分子基础研究重点与应用前景。     

新疆棉田耕后土壤模型离散元参数标定

为提高耕后棉田分层施肥开沟覆土过程离散元仿真模拟的准确性,采用EDEM离散元软件对分层施肥作业土壤的堆积和滑落过程进行仿真模拟,来标定土壤接触参数。通过通用旋转中心组合试验,采用 Design-Expert 软件对试验数据进行回归分析,以实测土壤休止角、土壤与65 Mn钢滑动摩擦角为优化目标,获得最优的离散元接触参数组合为：土壤间恢复系数0.48、土壤间滚动摩擦系数0.56、土壤间静摩擦系数0.24、土壤与65 Mn钢间恢复系数0.5、土壤与65 Mn钢间滚动摩擦系数0.1、土壤与65 Mn钢间静摩擦系数0.31。为验证标定优化的离散元模型参数的准确性,对土壤堆积试验和滑落试验进行仿真试验与实际试验对比,两者相对误差分别为1.7%和2.5%;并在最优标定参数组合条件下,采用离散法仿真模拟分层施肥装置的开沟覆土过程,获得分层施肥装置5、6和7 km/h作业速度下,仿真试验和田间试验的工作阻力相对误差分别为10.2%、7.95%、7.04%,误差在可接受范围内。仿真试验和田间试验开沟覆土效果基本一致,验证了土壤参数标定的准确可靠,可为后期分层施肥装置减阻研究提供理论基础和技术支持。     

蕨类植物的综合利用价值

为更好地开发和利用我国的蕨类植物资源,从蕨类植物的食用、药用、园林绿化和观赏,生产上的指示作用、绿肥、饲料用途及工业用途等多方面作了初步阐述。     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素的提取及毒力的测定

报道了提取广西产虎纹捕鸟蛛 (Selenocosm ia huw ena) 毒素的方法。用冻干蛛毒对小鼠进行腹腔注射, 测定出虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素的LD50 为0.77 m g/kg, LD50的95% 可信限为0.72～0.82 m g/kg, 表明该毒素有很强的毒力。并观察到当用0.30 m g/kg 冻干蛛毒注射小鼠颅内时, 小鼠迅速抽搐5 s后即死亡     

Effect of Dietary Protein Concentration and Feeding Rate on Weight Gain,Feed Efficiency,and Body Composition of Pond-Raised Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus1

Two experiments were conducted in earthen ponds to evaluate the effect of dietary protein concentration and feeding rate on weight gain, feed efficiency, and body composition of channel catfish. In Experiment 1, two dietary protein concentrations (28% or 32%) and four feeding rates (≤ 90. ≤ 112, ≤ 135 kg/ha per d, or satiation) were used in a factorial arrangement. Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings (average size: 27 g/fish) were stocked into 0.04-ha ponds at a rate of 24,700 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily at the predetermined maximum feeding rates for 282 d (two growing seasons). In Experiment 2, three dietary protein concentrations (24, 28, or 32%) and two feeding rates (≤ 135 kg/ha per d or satiation) were used. Channel catfish (average size: 373 g/fish) were stocked into 0.04-ha ponds at a rate of 17,300 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily for 155 d. In both experiments, five ponds were used for each dietary treatment. Results from Experiment 1 showed no differences in total feed fed, feed consumption per fish, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), or survival between fish fed diets containing 28% and 32% protein diets. As maximum feeding rate increased, total feed fed, feed consumption per fish, and weight gain increased. There were no differences in total feed fed, feed consumption per fish, or weight gain between fish fed at ≤ 135 kg/ha per d and those fed to satiation. Fish fed the 28% protein diet had a lower percentage carcass dressout and higher percentage visceral fat than fish fed the 32% protein diet. Dietary protein concentrations of 28% or 32% had no effect on fillet protein, fat, moisture, and ash. Feeding rate did not affect FCR, survival, percentage carcass dressout, or fillet composition, except fillet fat. As feeding rate increased, percentage visceral fat increased. Fish fed at ≤ 90 kg/ha per d had a lower percentage fillet fat than fish fed at higher feeding rates. In Experiment 2, dietary protein concentration or maximum feeding rate did not affect total feed fed, feed consumption per fish, weight gain, FCR, or survival of channel catfish. Feeding rate had no effect on percentage carcass dressout and visceral fat, or fillet composition. This was due to the similar feed consumption by the fish fed at the two feeding rates. Fish fed the 24% protein diet had lower carcass dressout, higher visceral fat and fillet fat than those fed the 28% or 32% protein diet. Results from the present study indicate that both 28% and 32% protein diets provide satisfactory fish production, dressed yield, and body composition characteristics for pond-raised channel catfish fed a maximum rate of 90 kg/ha per d or ahove.