广西优质鸡品种资源及其研究开发利用现状

如何利用鸡的地方品种资源选育优良新品系,发展优质鸡产业并形成产业优势?广西在这方面做了相当有效的工作,优质鸡新品系的不断出现,极大地推动了优质鸡生产的快速发展.广西优质鸡的研究与开发位居国内的先进行列.……     

Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on growth performance of broilers

(1) This in vivo trial was conducted to study the effects of polysaccharide extracts of two mushrooms, Lentinus edodes (LenE) and Tremella fuciformis (TreE), and a herb, Astragalus membranaceus (AstE) on growth performance, and the weights of organs and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens. (2) Three extracts (LenE, TreE and AstE) were supplemented at inclusion rates of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/kg from 7 to 14 d of age and compared with an antibiotic treatment group (20 mg/kg, virginiamycin (VRG) as well as a group of non-supplemented birds. (3) Body weight (BW) gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the extract-supplemented groups were not significantly different from those of the antibiotic group. Significant effects of type of extract and concentration on growth performance were found from 7 to 28 d of age. Generally, birds fed with LenE showed higher BW gain and lower FCR from 7 to 28 d of age than those fed with TreE and AstE and 2 g/kg LenE was considered the optimal inclusion rate for enhanced broiler growth. However, the extracts had no significant effect on the relative weights of organs and GIT compared with the antibiotic group. (4) The birds fed the extracts showed better growth performance than the non-supplemented birds, but were not significantly different from those fed VRG. Of the three extracts, LenE appeared to be a potential growth promoter. Future studies are needed to investigate whether the extracts can be used as alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters in challenged birds, and to elucidate the mechanisms for potentially enhanced growth performance in poultry.     

高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂液相色谱分析

本文介绍了从高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂中, 分离出有效成分高效氯氰菊酯, 再用正相液谱定量检测。该方法的变异系数为０．５１％ ,平均回收率为９９．９６％ 。     

美国青蛙"旋游症"病原菌的分离鉴定及其组织病理学观察

从患有“旋游症”的美国青蛙（Ｒａｎａｇｒｙｌｉｏ）脑组织中分离出１株杆状细菌。人工注射该菌,可使健康蛙出现典型“旋游症”并引起死亡,表明该菌是引起蛙“旋游症”的病原菌。通过对菌的形态大小、生理生化及其他生物学性状的观察和测定,确认该菌为脑膜炎脓毒性黄杆菌（Ｆｌａｖｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｍｅｎｉｎｇｏｓｅｐｔｉｃｕｍ）。组织病理学观察显示,病蛙中脑内的视盖组织细胞大量坏死,与视觉和调节平衡相关的神经纤维断裂、损坏,眼脉络膜与虹膜组织中的细胞病变严重,排列无序,微血管结构模糊不清,这应是引起病蛙泳动失调、视力丧失的病因。     

A novel and stable "two-hit" acute lung injury model induced by oleic acid in piglets

Background

Children are susceptible to pulmonary injury, and acute lung injury (ALI) often results in a high mortality and financial cost in pediatric patients. Evidence has showed that oleic acid (OA) plays an important role in ALI. Therefore, it has special significance to study ALI in pediatric patients by using OA-induced animal models. Unfortunately, the animal model hs a high mortality due to hemodynamic instability. The aim of this study was to establish a novel hemodynamically stable OA-induced ALI model in piglets with two hits.

Methods

18 Chinese mini-piglets were randomized into three groups: group C (received saline-ethanol solution), group T (received OA-ethanol solution in routine administration manner) and group H (received OA-ethanol solution in two-hit manner). Hemodynamic and pulmonary function data were measured. Histopathological assessments were performed.

Results

Two piglets in group T died of radical decline of systemic blood pressure. Group T showed more drastic hemodynamic changes than group H especially during the period of 5 to 30 minutes after OA administration. Both Group T and group H all produced severe lung injury, while group C had no significant pathologic changes. OA-induced hypotension might be caused by pulmonary hypertension rather than comprised left ventricular function.

Conclusion

OA leads to severe pulmonary hypertension which results in hemodynamic fluctuation in OA-induced ALI model. It is the first report on hemodynamic stable ALI animal model in piglets using two-hit method. The two-hit ALI animal model fulfils the ALI criteria and has the following characteristics: hemodynamic stability, stable damage to gas exchange and comparability with pediatric patients in body weight and corresponding age. The two-hit ALI animal model can be used to study the basic mechanism and the therapeutic strategies for pediatric ALI.     

The second glutamic acid in the C-terminal CRD affects the carbohydrate-binding properties of recombinant galectins of Haemonchus contortus

The effects of the second glutamic acid (E) in the C-terminal CRDs on the hemagglutination and lactose-binding characteristics of the recombinant galectins of nematode Haemonchus contortus were observed using two isoforms of recombinant galectins as models, and the sugar-binding abilities of the N-terminal and C-terminal CRDs of the galectins were also compared. The second E in the CRD, WGNEER, of Hco-GAL-m was mutated to glycine acid (G) and resulted in a recombinant galectin (MG mutate) with a CRD of WGNEGR, identical to that of Hco-GAL-f. The G in Hco-GAL-f CRD, WGNEGR, was mutated to E and produced a recombinant galectin (FE mutate) equal to that of Hco-GAL-m. At the same time, the CRDs of the N-terminal (FNh,MNh) and C-terminal (FCh,MCh) of Hco-GAL-f, Hco-GAL-m were amplified by PCR. The abilities of carbohydrate binding and hemagglutination of the four galectins and the four CRDs were analysed, respectively, by alpha-lactose-agarose affinity chromatography and hemagglutination assay. The results showed that Hco-GAL-m and FE mutate bound effectively to alpha-lactose-agarose compared to Hco-GAL-f and MG mutate, which almost could not bind to the conjugate column. The hemagglutinating abilities of the Hco-GAL-m and FE mutate to human B type red blood cells were similar and were nearly two times higher than that of the Hco-GAL-f and MG mutate. The hemagglutinating ability of the MCh was five times to that of the MNh and FNh and almost two times to that of the FCh. The binding ability of the MCh and FCh were significantly reduced compared to that of the Hco-GAL-m and FE mutate, but still remained. As for the MNh and FNh, no elution peak was observed in the lactose-agarose affinity chromatography. These results suggested that the second amino acid E in the C-terminal CRD motif of H. contortus galectin was involved in carbohydrate binding and hemagglutination, and C-terminal CRDs had stronger carbohydrate ability than N-terminal CRDs.     

中药组方抑制鸡大肠杆菌及临诊治疗试验

用茜草秧、薄公英等11味中药组方对鸡大肠杆菌耐药菌株和非耐药菌株作体外抑菌及临诊治疗试验。结果,中药组方对两菌株都有较好的体外抑菌效果;临床治疗有效率100%,治愈率达96%以上。