The response of metabolically active Clostridium community to initial pH shift is closely correlated with microbial Fe(III) reduction in flooded paddy soils

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil pH could be greatly affected by agriculture practices in paddy soils, in which microbial Fe(III) reduction is a prevalent and important biogeochemical process....     

Reconstructing the size of individual trees using log data from cut-to-length harvesters in Pinus radiata plantations: a case study in NSW,Australia

With their widespread utilization, cut-to-length harvesters have become a major source of ‘‘big data' for forest management as they constantly capture, and provide a daily flow of, information on log production and assortment over large operational areas. Harvester data afford the calculation of the total log length between the stump and the last cut but not the total height of trees. They also contain the length and end diameters of individual logs but not always the diameter at breast height overbark(DBHOB) of harvested stems largely because of time lapse, operating and processing issues and other system deficiencies. Even when DBHOB is extracted from harvester data, errors and/or bias of the machine measurements due to the variation in the stump height of harvested stems from that specified for the harvester head prior to harvesting and diameter measurement errors may need to be corrected. This study developed(1) a system of equations for estimating DBHOB of trees from diameter overbark(DOB) measured by a harvester head at any height up to 3 m above ground level and(2) an equation to predict the total height of harvested stems in P. radiata plantations from harvester data. To generate the data required for this purpose, cut-to-length simulations of more than 3000 trees with detailed taper measurements were carried out in the computer using the cutting patterns extracted from the harvester data and stump height survey data from clearfall operations. The equation predicted total tree height from DBHOB, total log length and the small end diameter of the top log. Prediction accuracy for total tree height was evaluated both globally over the entire data space and locally within partitioned subspaces through benchmarking statistics. These statistics were better than that of the conventional height-diameter equations for P. radiata found in the literature, even when they incorporated stand age and the average height and diameter of dominant trees in the stand as predictors. So this equation when used with harvester data would outperform the conventional equations in tree height prediction. Tree and stand reconstructions of the harvested forest is the necessary first step to provide the essential link of harvester data to conventional inventory, remote sensing imagery and Li DAR data. The equations developed in this study will provide such a linkage for the most effective combined use of harvester data in predicting the attributes of individual trees, stands and forests, and product recovery for the management and planning of P. radiata plantations in New South Wales, Australia.     

Effect of Inoculation Rhizobium and Response of Soybean-Rhizobium System to Insoluble Phosphate

In order to produce efficiently symbiotic system in acid soils which could be used for the recovery of insoluble phosphate soil and improvement of the fertility,etc.,host range of Rhizobium was isolated from the root nodules of wild and cultivated soybean varieties growing in south China,evaluated the effects of Rhizobium on enhance nitrogen fixing activities,phosphorus(P),nitrogen (N)uptakes,growth and yield of soybean under pot and field conditions.The results showed that combined Rhizobium inoculation was more effective than individual Rhizobium inoculation. The combined Rhizobium of CW54 strains had the highest effect, nodule number, nodule weight and nodule nitrogenase activity were markedly stimulated as compared to those of the control U110, respectively. The nitrogen contents in the plants treated with CW54 strains were significantly increased by 43.2% as compared to those of the control U110 in Al-P soil, but statistical significance was not observed in Fe-P soil. By contrast, inoculation with CW54 significantly enhanced phosphorus uptake of plant in Fe-P soil than that in Al-P soil. The effects of inoculation of CW54 strains in a field condition were similar to those of in a pot condition. The total biomass and yield in the plants treated with CW54 strains were significantly increased by 86.4% and 51.4% as compared to those of the control at the time of soybean podding in a field condition, respectively.These results suggested that inoculation Rhizobium was beneficial for soybean nutrient uptake,growth and yield under insoluble phosphate soil conditions.     

Stability Analysis of a Lignocellulose Degrading Microbial Consortium

An active mesophilic lignocellulose degrading microbial consortium, designated LZF-12, was bred from humus-rich soil by successive subcultivation under facultative aerobic static condition. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the structural and functional stability of lignocellulose degradation of rice straw of 10 g · L-1. The results showed that efficient degradation of rice straw(70%) could be achieved and acetic acid concentration accounted for over 70% of total aqueous products from different generations by microbial consortium LZF-12 within 7 days. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and sequencing of 16 S r DNA sequences amplified from the total consortium DNA representing the presence of sequences were related to those of Clostridium, Clostridium cellulolyticum, Pseudomonas, Acetivibrio and some uncultured bacteria in LZF-12. DGGE pattern profiles from different LZF-12 generations were reproducible, suggesting the relative stabilities of the microbial community structure and succession mechanism in the established consortium.     

Identification and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Chinese Mitten Crab(Eriocheir sinensis) in the Liao River Area

Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) is an indigenous and ecologically and economically important species in the Liao River area, but its identification and genetic diversity remain poorly understood. To evaluate the germplasm resources of this species, samples were collected from these locations: four sub-populations from the Liao River area and one population from the Yangtze River area; one primer was used to distinguish between the Liao River and the Yangtze River crabs. Thirteen loci were used for crab genetic diversity analysis, and basic statistics showed that the collecting samples were purebred in the Liao River area. The average observed heterozygosity(H_0) of the Liao River population was 0.5931, and the expected heterozygosity(H_e) was 0.8064. The polymorphism information content(PIC) was 0.7753, which showed that the Liao River population had high genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation index(F_(ST)) averaged 0.0342, meaning a low degree of differentiation; cluster analysis indicated that Hujia(HJ), Xinli(XL) and Chenjia(CJ) sub-populations were allocated to the same cluster, while Baqiangzi(BQZ) sub-population was isolated. In summary, these data demonstrated that the crabs in the Liao River had high genetic diversity, but low genetic differentiation. Thus, the Liao River population had the potential for breeding selection. Furthermore, this study also provided valuable genetic information for the conservation of Chinese mitten crab.     

Development of High Efficient in vitro Regeneration and Transformation System in Strawberry

In this paper, several factors that affect the efficiency of in vitro adventitious bud regeneration and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of F. vesca were studied. The results showed that F. vesca seeds germination rate was the highest while seeds were cultured in water, and the germination rate was the lowest while seeds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with hormone; the germination rates that seeds cultured on two and three layers filter paper were higher than that seeds cultured on four and five layers filter paper. In vitro adventitious regeneration efficiency was affected by different explants types. The significant difference was existed between petioles and leaves. When using the same type explants, in vitro adventitious buds regeneration rate and the average number of buds per explant between Ruegen(RE) and Yellow Wonder(YW) had no significant difference. RE to Agrobacterium tumefaciens was more sensitive than YW. Using seedling leaves of RE and YW as materials, an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system was developed. In this system, the concentration of bacteria was OD_(600)=0.5, the explants were immersed in bacteria broth for 9 min, the co-cultured time was 2 days, and had no pre-cultured time. The percentage of explants with resistant buds of RE and YW was compared. The putative transformed plants were confirmed by PCR.     

基于扎根理论的高校众创空间初创企业发展绩效的影响因素研究

文章采用扎根理论方法,以安徽7个高校众创空间的29个初创企业数据为样本,通过开放式编码和主轴式编码,归纳出影响中国高校众创空间初创企业发展绩效的4个主范畴：发展意愿、组织管理、外部环境和资源实力,并通过选择式编码形成主范畴间的典型关系结构和模型,进而提出影响中国高校众创空间初创企业发展绩效的5个理论假设。利用Amos结构方程软件对理论假设进行验证,5个假设均通过验证,得出假设模型路径系数图。     

影响村级服务站运行效果的因素分析-以河北省石家庄市为例

村级服务站是农技推广体系在村级的延伸与发展,兼有经营性和公益性的双重功能,对于满足农民多元化的农技需求起到重要作用。为了改善村级服务站的运行效果,探索影响村级服务站服务功能发挥的因素,此文以石家庄为例,借助实地调查数据,对村级服务站运行中存在的问题及影响因素进行了调查分析。研究结果表明,村级服务站技术人员的自身素质和村级服务站硬件设施不完善是影响村级服务站运行效果的重要因素。     

基于Voronoi cell的RNN_k近似查询与计算

在空间数据索引与查询研究领域中,反向k最近邻(RNNk)问题作为反向最近邻问题的泛化扩展近来受到更多关注.所谓RNNk查询就是找到所有以给定查询点为k个最近邻之一的对象点.为了有效地进行RNNk查询,利用分级的Voronoi cell和空间区域划分方法对查询结果进行有效过滤,避免了过多次最近邻查找计算.在初步得到的RNNk结果中,有针对性地分别利用平行于分割线的扫描线和局部扩展的查询区域Q进一步限定了RNN候选点.近似最小平均距离(AMAD)计算则可由近似的RNNk查询结果得到且不受k取值限制.实验结果表明了在3种不同数据分布情况下,本文算法与近似方法的效率和有效性.因此,通过充分利用对数据的过滤与查询空间修剪的近似方法,得到了具有较高查全率和准确率的近似查询和计算.