吉林省粘虫猖獗世代发生虫源的研究Ⅱ.虫源策源地的探讨

粘虫是吉林省粮食作物上最主要的猖獗性害虫,防治工作上迫切需要中、长期預测方法。为此,作者等研究了吉林省粘虫猖獗世代的虫源,已經查明粘虫在吉林省不能越冬,猖獗世代的虫源是由省外迁入的。通过国內粘虫主要发生地区的发生动态的整理和分析,初步認为吉林省猖獗世代虫源的主要策源地为皖北、苏北、魯南、豫东、豫南、鄂北等粘虫常发生的地区。同时認为不同年度各策源地的发生时期和数量的变化会影响吉林省春季成虫盛发期和数量。一般年分5月末、6月初的成虫与鄂北、豫南、皖北等地区的虫源有关;而6月上旬以后的成虫則与魯南、苏北、豫中的虫源有关。     

‘Pharmacokinetic’ and ‘pharmacodynamic’ design of lipophilic drugs based on a structural model for drug interactions with biological membranes

The pharmacokinetic profile a drug exhibits will ultimately depend on how the drug molecule interacts with the different cell membranes it encounters en route to its target site of action. Even if the drug molecule targets a soluble protein as its final site of action, there is a reasonable probability that it will interact with some cell membrane on its pathway to this biological target. In some cases, the final protein, lipid or sugar moiety target could be an integral part of the cell membrane architecture whereby the drug's interaction with the cell membrane could influence its pharmacodynamic profile as well, especially if the final site of action is an integral membrane-bound receptor protein. In either case, drug transport across a cell membrane or within the cell membrane lipid bilayer compartment can dictate partial or dominant control of the drug's bioavailability. A molecular understanding of the equilibrium membrane partition coefficient, the rates of drug partitioning into and out of a cell membrane and the equilibrium location of the drug within the cell membrane can provide critical chemical design strategies for altering overall drug bioavailability and optimal pharmacokinetics.     

Über das schädliche Auftreten der KiefernrindenwanzeAradus cinnamomeus Panz., in Schweden

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Identification of the genotype from the content and composition of the essential oil of lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora Palau)

Aloysia citriodora accessions from cultivated material, botanical collections, and wild populations were studied by means of their biomass and essential oil production and composition to assist the selection of the most promising genotype. The study was carried out through both field experiments during two year's time and laboratory processes. Data were evaluated by means of univariate and multivariate techniques. Aloysia citriodora intraspecific variation was accounted for by differences in both yield and chemical profiles of the essential oils, but no differences were found in the biomass production. Three chemotypes were identified according to qualitative and quantitative differences of the essential oils. For the higher contents of neral and geranial, Mendoza accession was the most promising to be encouraged for future crops.     

Optimum geometric layout of a single cable road

Cable-based technologies have been a backbone for harvesting on steep slopes. The layout of a single cable road is challenging because one must identify intermediate support locations and heights that guarantee structural safety and operational efficiency while minimizing set-up and dismantling costs. Our study objectives were to (1) develop an optimization approach for designing the best possible intermediate support layout for a given ground profile, (2) compare optimization procedures between linearized and nonlinear analyses of a cable structure and (3) investigate the effect of simplifying a multi-span representation. Our results demonstrate that the computational effort is 30–60 times greater for an optimization approach based on nonlinear cable mechanical assumptions than when considering linear assumptions. Those nonlinear assumptions also stipulate lower heights for intermediate supports and a larger span length. Finally, compared with the unloaded case, tensile force in the skyline is increased by as much as 80% under load for a single-span skyline configuration. Our approach provides additional value for cable operations because it ensures greater structural safety at a lower cost for installation. Improvements are still needed in developing a stand-alone application that can be easily distributed. Moreover, our rather simple assumptions regarding set-up and dismantling costs must be refined.     

An all-silicon passive optical diode

A passive optical diode effect would be useful for on-chip optical information processing but has been difficult to achieve. Using a method based on optical nonlinearity, we demonstrate a forward-backward transmission ratio of up to 28 decibels within telecommunication wavelengths. Our device, which uses two silicon rings 5 micrometers in radius, is passive yet maintains optical nonreciprocity for a broad range of input power levels, and it performs equally well even if the backward input power is higher than the forward input. The silicon optical diode is ultracompact and is compatible with current complementary metal-oxide semiconductor processing.     

Association between Waste Management and Cancer in Companion Animals

Background: Increased cancer rates have been documented in people residing in areas around Naples characterized by illegal dumping and incineration of waste.
Hypothesis: Risk of cancer in dogs and cats is associated with waste management.
Animals: Four hundred and fifty-three dogs and cats with cancer and 1,554 cancer-free animals.
Methods: Hospital-based case-control study in Naples (low danger) and nearby cities having a history of illegal waste dumping (high danger). Odds ratio (OR) between high- and low-danger areas was calculated for all tumors and various malignancies in dogs and cats.
Results: An increased risk for cancer development was identified in dogs but not in cats residing in high-danger areas (OR: 1.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–2.03; P < .01). A 2.39-fold increased risk of lymphoma ( P < .01) accounted for the greater tumor frequency in dogs residing in high-danger areas. The risk of mast cell tumor and mammary cancer did not differ in dogs residing in high- or low-danger areas.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Waste emission from illegal dumping sites increases cancer risk in dogs residing in high-danger areas. An increased prevalence of lymphoma has been previously recognized in humans living close to illegal waste dumps. Thus, epidemiological studies of spontaneous tumors in dogs might suggest a role for environmental factors in canine and human carcinogenesis and can predict health hazards for humans.