The passage of nitrogenous compounds through the wall of perfused sheep rumen (author's transl)]

Experiments were performed by the method of the extracorporeal perfusion of sheep rumen lasting 150 minutes. After 60 minutes of perfusion, 20 g of enzymatic casein hydrolyzate were applied to the rumen. Ammonia, urea, and total nitrogen were determined in the samples of perfusate, and ammonia and pH were determined in the rumen content. Considerable amounts of ammonia accumulated in the perfusate in the course of the experiment. At the end of perfusion, the concentration of NH3-N reached an average value of up to 12 mg per 100 ml. The level of urea in the perfusate decreased only in the first phase of perfusion (before the application of casein hydrolyzate to the rumen) and remained unchanged in the subsequent phase. It is assumed that part of urea-N from the perfusate after urea hydrolysis, taking place already in the rumen wall, returned to the perfusate in the form of ammonia. In the first phase of perfusion the passage of nitrogen from the blood into the rumen took place, in the second phase its absorption from the rumen into the blood was observed. The urea-N ratio from the passage of total nitrogen into the rumen ranged between 4.63% and 13.84%, but the concentration of total nitrogen in the perfusate decreased by 7-15% and that of urea nitrogen by 37-42%. It follows from the results that a major part of endogenous nitrogen passing from perfusate to the rumen was represented by proteins and/or their peptidic splits.     

Amino acid production in the isolated and perfused rumen wall of sheep

The metabolism of amino acids and urea in an isolated perfused wall of sheep rumen was studied by the method of organ perfusion, using 3 kinds of perfusate. In experiments with semisynthetic perfusate containing urea (SPurea) the levels of lysine, valine, glutamic acid and alanine increased at a simultaneous decrease of levels of leucine, arginine, aspartic acid, threonine and methionine. In perfusions with the semisynthetic medium without urea (SP) the levels of lysine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine increased, the level of threonine dropped. In perfusions with whole autologous blood (KP) the levels of valine, glutamic acid and alanine increased, the level of arginine decreased. The level of urea decreased sharply at using SPurea and KP, however, the equal cumulation of ammonia (200-400 mumol x 1(-1)) was found in all three types of perfusate after 2-hr perfusion. Moreover, in experiments with SP a low level of urea was found already after 5-min. of perfusion. The results of the experiments suggest that the rumen wall is capable of producing amino acids also without the contents of rumen, and that independently on the presence or absence of urea as a nitrogen source.     

苹果赤衣病的研究

 本文是1972~1979年调查研究苹果赤衣病的总结。     

农村两委合一后的现状问题与村治对策

两委合一有助于协调农村两委成员间的矛盾,但在当前政府行政管制模式未变、村级自治刚起步的大环境下,却加剧了农村基层管理的行政化、两委权力的独占化以及群众参与自治的冷漠化。解决两委问题必须首先探寻两委问题的根源,两委问题不是简单两委成员与组织间的矛盾关系,其实质为国家下行权力和村民自治上行权力的冲突。协调镇村关系,推动行政下行权力和民主上行权力的良性循环,是彻底解决两委问题,实现乡村有序治理的关键。     

不同杨树品种冠径比的差异性分析

对32个杨树品种冠幅与胸径比例关系的差异性进行比较,结果表明:不同杨树品种冠径比存在极显著差异,107杨、鲁山杨、W46杨、95杨、895杨等5个品种具有生长快和冠径比小的优点。冠径比在品种选择和密度确定等方面具有一定参考价值。     

Characteristics of soil seed bank in plantation forest in the rocky mountain region of Beijing, China

We investigated characteristics (scales and composition) of soil seed banks at eight study sites in the rocky mountain region of Beijing by seed identification and germination monitoring. We also surveyed the vegetation communities at the eight study sites to explore the role of soil seed banks in vegetation restoration. The storage capacity of soil seed banks at the eight sites ranked from 766.26 to 2461.92 seeds·m -2 . A total of 23 plant species were found in soil seed banks, of which 63 80% of seeds were herbs in various soil layers and 60% of seeds were located in the soil layer at 0 5cm depth. Biodiversity indices indicated clear differences in species diversity of soil seed banks among different plant communities. The species composition of aboveground vegetation showed low similarity with that based on soil seed banks. In the above- ground plant community, the afforestation tree species showed high importance values. The plant species originating from soil seed banks represented natural regeneration, which also showed relatively high importance values. This study suggests that in the rocky mountain region of Beijing the soil seed banks played a key role in the transformation from pure plantation forest to near-natural forest, promoting natural ecological processes, and the role of the seed banks in vegetation restoration was important to the improvement of ecological restoration methods.     

阿尔泰瑞香提取物的体外抗炎及抗氧化活性

目的 探讨阿尔泰瑞香二氯甲烷提取物（Da-Dm）的体外抗炎及抗氧化活性。方法 以不同浓度（1、6、30 μg/mL）的Da-Dm作用于脂多糖（LPS,1 μg/mL）诱导的RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞,采用CCK-8法测定Da-Dm对细胞增殖的影响;Griess法检测细胞上清液中一氧化氮（NO）的释放量;ELISA法检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的分泌量。以维生素C为对照,采用FRAP法、DPPH法评价Da-Dm总抗氧化能力。结果 Da-Dm在浓度为30 μg/mL及以下时对RAW264.7细胞增殖没有影响。与LPS组比较,1~30 μg/mL的Da-Dm可明显降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子NO、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量（P<0.05,P<0.01）,并呈现浓度依赖性。Da-Dm对DPPH自由基有较好的清除能力,其清除率的IC50为318.1 μg/mL,在FRAP实验中其对Fe²⁺离子具有较强的还原能力。结论 Da-Dm可以抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应,它的抗炎作用可能与抑制NO、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的释放有关。Da-Dm具有较好的抗氧化活性。