海南“澄迈福橙”敲响大超市的门

口感好硒含量高采摘期长,这是海南省“澄迈福橙”的特点,澄迈县将福橙促销瞄准大超市。2009年2月20日,该县在省城海口市召开福橙品尝推介会,向超市促销这一地方名牌农产品。     

轴流泵叶轮进出口流场的测量

为了获得轴流泵内部流动的真实情况,设计了内部流动测量装置.运用五孔球形探针,对高效轴流泵在0.8Qopt,1.0Qopt和1.2Qopt工况下的叶轮进口和出口速度矢量分布、静压分布和总压分布进行了测量,并分析了不同工况下的轴面速度、环量、圆周方向分速度和压力分布等.测量结果表明：轴流泵模型进口在0.8Qopt至1.2Qopt工况范围内,流动稳定,进口轴向速度从轮毂到轮缘逐渐减小,且进口预旋很小,不同径向位置的静压基本相等.在最优工况下,轮毂与可调叶片间无间隙时,轴流泵叶轮出口基本呈现等环量流型,轴面速度呈现抛物线分布,且效率高.若轮毂侧存在间隙,间隙处的环量、轴面速度、压力和效率均明显下降.     

Effects of extruded and pelleted diets with differing lipid levels on growth,nutrient retention and serum biochemical indices of tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × Tilapia nilotica)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded diets and pelleted diets with varying dietary lipid levels on growth performance and nutrient utilization of tilapia. Six diets, containing three levels of lipid at 40, 60 or 80 g kg^?1 (with the supplemental lipid of 0, 20 or 40 g kg^?1, respectively), were prepared by extruding or pelleting and then fed to tilapia juveniles (8.0 ± 0.1 g) in cages (in indoor pools) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the fish that were fed the diet with 60 g kg^?1 of lipid had a higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), lipid retention (LRE), energy retention (ERE), apparent protein digestibility, apparent dry matter digestibility and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed the diet with 40 g kg^?1 lipid in both the extruded diet and pelleted diet (P < 0.05). As the dietary lipid level increased from 60 to 80 g kg^?1, these parameters were not further improved, even digestibilities of the crude protein and dry matter decreased (P < 0.05). With the dietary lipid level increased, whole‐body lipid content significantly increased (P < 0.05), serum aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) tended to increase (P > 0.05), whereas whole‐body protein content, serum triglyceride (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and HDL‐C/LDL‐C tended to decrease (P > 0.05). Fish fed with the extruded diets had a higher WG, SGR, hepatosomatic index (HSI), PER, protein retention (PRE), LRE, ERE, TG, apparent digestibility of protein and dry matter, as well as a lower FCR, than those fed with the pelleted diets at the same dietary lipid level (P < 0.05). These results suggested that tilapia fed with the extruded diets had a better growth and higher nutrient utilization than fish fed with the pelleted diets, when dietary lipid level ranged from 40 to 80 g kg^?1 and at dietary crude protein level was 280 g kg^?1. The optimum dietary lipid level was 60 g kg^?1 in both the pelleted and extruded diets, and extrusion did not affect dietary lipid requirement of the tilapia.     

近红外光谱技术及其在农作物中的应用

本文阐述了近红外光谱技术的原理与方法,并对近红外光谱技术在农作物领域的应用研究进行了介绍。     

花生分段收获机的应用现状及进展分析

花生分段收获机已在花生收获中发挥了重要作用,但许多人对其认识不强,没有体会到花生分段收获机在花生收获中的重要性,严重阻碍了花生分段收获机的推广。为了推广花生分段收获机,提高花生收获的效率,介绍了国内外花生分段收获机的应用现状,着重介绍了几种典型的花生分段收获机的特点及其相关参数,并分析了我国花生分段收获机存在的问题以及对未来的展望。     

不同因素对磨盘柿色素稳定性的影响

通过对磨盘柿果实色素的乙醇提取液进行不同处理 ,对果实色素的稳定性进行了研究。在阳光直射 5d以内、室内自然光照射 2 5d以内或在室内避光保存 30d以内的条件下 ,磨盘柿色素在可见光区的最大吸收波长未发生改变 ,但吸光值降低 ,柿色素保留率在 6 0 %以上 ;80℃以上的高温对柿色素有破坏作用 ,但 6 0℃ ,2h以内的高温条件下柿色素的稳定性良好 ;柿色素溶液在pH 6～ 11范围内呈稳定状态 ;供试的 9种金属离子中 ,铁离子对柿色素的稳定性影响最大 ,0 12 5mmol·L-1以上的铁离子使柿色素溶液变浑浊 ,出现沉淀 ,Cu2 + ,Ca2 + 和K+ 次之 ,而Al3 + ,Na+ ,Zn2 + 和Mg2 + 影响较小。质量分数为 1%的苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾对柿色素稳定性影响不大 ;而质量分数为 2 %的VC对柿色素有保护作用。在加工利用和保存柿色素时 ,需提供有利柿色素的稳定条件 ,才能保持柿色素的营养价值。     

鱼类越冬池底泥若干特性的研究

对进行生物增氧的鱼类越冬池底泥低温状态下的研究表明：（１）底泥吸附性氨态氮含量平均为０．１９４ｍｇ／ｇ（烘干重,不同）,有效磷平均为０．０３９４ｍｇ／ｇ,有机物平均为２５．７ｍｇ／ｇ;（２）间隙水中氨态氮含量为５．３１－３８．４ｍｇ／Ｌ,平均１４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,占无机氮总量的９９．１％活性磷酸盐（ＰＯ４－Ｐ）含量为０．１１１－０．６３２ｍｇ／Ｌ,平均０．３０２ｍｇ／Ｌ;（３）在无扰动条件下ＮＨ＾＋４     

铅、镉、汞对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍的急性毒性试验

在水温１４￣１６℃的条件下,分别用铅、汞、镉溶液对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍（６月龄）进行急性毒性试验。结果表明：毒性大小依次为汞〉镉〉铅。汞对幼鲍２４,４８,９６ｈ的ＬＣ５０（半致死浓度）分别为０．２８２,０．１６４,０．１２３ｍｇ／Ｌ。镉对幼鲍２４,４８,９６ｈ的ＬＣ５０分别为８．６８,７．１０,４．６０ｍｇ／Ｌ。铅浓度达到１０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,水中出现沉淀,幼鲍９６ｈ无死亡现象。幼鲍对汞中毒和镉中毒的反应现象不     

竹材展开机框片有限元网格的自动形成

竹材展开机框 设计，采用三角形单元自动形成的程序ＸＳ，只需输入必需最少信息，计算机就能输出原来人工完成的各种数据和图形。既可提高工作效率和计算精度，又可与有限元法计算位移和应力的程序方便地衔接，通用性好。     

城市污泥对金丝垂柳生长和土壤理化性状的影响

将城市污泥用于瘠薄的沙地进行金丝垂柳造林,造林成活率比对照提高22.3%~40.0%,新梢生长量比对照增加2.8%~46.3%,提高了土壤中氮、磷及有机质含量的同时,也增加了土壤中的镉含量。硝态氮、镉未向下迁移,没有对环境造成污染。