Gastric emptying of glucose in the dog

The 30-minute gastric emptying of test meals consisting of 2.5%, 4%, 7%, 15%, or 25% glucose was evaluated in healthy, nonoperated dogs, using an orogastric intubation technique. An inversely proportional exponential relationship was found between test meal glucose concentration and amount of test meal emptied from the stomach in 30 minutes. For the 7%, 15%, and 25% glucose test meals, a mean (+/- SEM) of 1.11 +/- 0.03 kcal/min emptied into the duodenum, which represented 0.054 +/- 0.004 kcal/min/kg of body weight. Test meals of 2.5% and 4% glucose supplied significantly fewer kcal per minute to the duodenum than did the other 3 meals, indicating that control of gastric emptying of hypotonic glucose meals may be different than that of isotonic or hypertonic test meals in the dog.     

Kleine Mitteilungen

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Kleine Mitteilungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Pflanzenschutzmittel und Bienenschutz

Zusammenfassung Wirksamer Schutz vor bienengefährlichen Pflanzenschutzmitteln durch eine Rechtsverordnung bleibt trotz wachsender Anzahl bienenungefährlicher Mittel erforderlich. Im alten Pflanzenschutzgesetz von 1949 fehlende und im neuen Gesetz von 1968 geschaffene eindeutige Ermächtigung ermöglicht die Beseitigung gewisser Rechtsunsicherheit durch eine neue, die überholte Bienenschutzverordnung von 1950 ablösende Verordnung, die im Zusammenhang mit der Pflanzenschutzmittel-Zulassungsverordnung vom 4. März 1969 steht. Die im geltenden Pflanzenschutzgesetz getroffene Übergangsregelung für vorläufig zugelassene Pflanzenschutzmittel macht bei der Definition der Bienengefährlichkeit in der neuen Bienenschutzverordnung die Erfassung bisher nur anerkannter bienengefährlicher Mittel erforderlich. Durch die einzelnen Verbote und Gebote in Verbindung mit der Verpflichtung der Mittelanwender zur fristgemäßen Benachrichtigung der Imker vor der Behandlung werden alle von bienengefährlichen Pflanzenschutzmitteln drohenden Gefahren ausgeschaltet.

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Summary An effective protection against plant protection products dangerous to bees by means of an ordinance will continue to be necessary, notwithstanding the fact that the number of products not dangerous to bees is rising. The definite authorization not contained in the former (1949) Plant Protection Act, but instituted under the new (1968) Act, provides for the elimination of the existing juridical insecurity by means of a new ordinance superseding the 1950 Ordinance on the Protection of Bees. The new ordinance relates to the Ordinance on the Admission of Plant Protection Products of 4. III. 1969. In defining the danger to bees in the framework of the new Ordinance on the Protection of Bees, the transitional regulation for provisionally admitted plant protection products contained in the present Plant Protection Act hitherto merely calls for the registration of products presenting a recognized danger to bees. Owing to the different prohibitions and requirements in connection with the obligation of those applying the products to inform the bee-keepers in due course prior to the treatment, any risks that might result from the application of plant protection products dangerous to bees will be avoided.

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Résumé Malgré un nombre croissant de produits ne constituant pas un danger pour les abeilles il est nécessaire de disposer, moyennant une ordonannce, d'une protection efficace centre les produits phytosanitaires constituant un danger pour les abeilles. Une autorisation claire et nette que l'ancienne loi de 1949 sur la protection de plantes ne comportait pas, par contre la nouvelle loi de 1968, est de nature à éliminer une certaine incertitude en matiè re de droit et ceci à l'aide d'une nouvelle ordonnance qui est en rapport avec l'ordonnance d'admission des produits phytosanitaires en date du 4 Mars 1969, ordonnance qui remplace l'ancienne ordonnance de 1950 sur la protection des abeilles. Le règlement transitoire dans la loi en vigueur portant protection de plantes, règlement s'appliquant à des produits phytosanitaires admis provisoirement exige lors de la définition de ce qui constitue un danger pour les abeilles dans la nouvelle ordonnance sur la protection des abeilles le recensement de produits constituant un danger pour les abeilles jusqu' alors seulement «reconnus». Les interdictions et préceptes et l'obligation qu'a l'uitilisateur d'informer l'apiculteur à temps avant le traitement sont de nature à éliminer tous les dangers susceptibles de résulter de l'utilisation de produits phytosanitaires constituant un danger pour les abeilles.

     

Professor Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Ferdinand Beran zum Ausscheiden aus dem Amt

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Propylthiouracil-associated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and antinuclear antibodies in cats with hyperthyroidism

Nine of 105 cats with hyperthyroidism treated with propylthiouracil developed a serious immune-mediated drug reaction during treatment. Adverse clinical signs, which developed after 19 to 37 days (mean, 24.8 days) of propylthiouracil administration, included lethargy, weakness, anorexia, and bleeding diathesis. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, and petechial hemorrhages of the skin and oral cavity. Results of hematologic testing revealed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. The direct antiglobulin (Coombs') test was positive in all 7 cats evaluated, whereas the serum antinuclear antibody titer was greater than or equal to 1:10 in 5 of the 8 cats tested. In 4 of the cats, treatment included appropriate supportive therapy and cessation of propylthiouracil; in these cats, anemia and thrombocytopenia resolved and Coombs' and antinuclear antibody tests became negative within 2 weeks.     

Primary tracheal collapse in a cat

A 7-year-old, neutered male, domestic shorthair cat was presented for severe inspiratory dyspnea of 2 to 3 days' duration. Radiography and tracheobronchoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of primary extrathoracic tracheal collapse. The cat was treated with oxygen, dexamethasone, and terbutaline, but no improvement was seen. Surgical correction was performed using nine prosthetic tracheal ring implants. Clinical signs improved after surgery, and the cat continued to do well 11 months after surgery, despite development of unilateral laryngeal paralysis.     

Esophageal foreign body obstruction caused by a dental chew treat in 31 dogs (2000-2006)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the signalment, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome associated with esophageal obstruction caused by a dental chew treat in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 31 dogs. PROCEDURES: Medical records were contributed from 19 hospitals via responses to a questionnaire that was developed for veterinarians who managed the cases. RESULTS: Esophageal obstructions with the dental chew treat occurred primarily in small dogs (26/31 [83.9%]). The most common clinical signs were gagging, regurgitation, vomiting, anorexia, and lethargy. Diagnosis was usually made via survey thoracic radiography. Obstructions were most commonly located in the distal portion of the esophagus (23/31; 74.2%). Esophageal lesions were moderate or severe in 86.7% (26/30) of the dogs. Orad endoscopic removal of the foreign bodies was uncommon (8/31 [25.8%]); most were pushed into the stomach. Thoracotomy was necessary in 6 dogs. Esophageal strictures developed in 6 of 25 (24%) dogs that survived initial hospitalization. Overall mortality rate was 25.8%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Esophageal obstructions with a dental chew treat were difficult to remove orally via endoscopy, resulted in moderate or severe esophageal damage, frequently were associated with stricture formation, and were associated with a high mortality rate.     

Triple antimicrobial therapy and acid suppression in dogs with chronic vomiting and gastric Helicobacter spp

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a common cause of gastritis and peptic ulcers in humans. Many dogs, including those with gastritis and chronic vomiting, are infected with Helicobacter spp. HYPOTHESIS: Triple antimicrobial therapy will eradicate Helicobacter infection, improve gastritis, and reduce clinical signs. The addition of acid suppression medication will not improve results. ANIMALS: Twenty-four pet dogs with chronic vomiting and gastric Helicobacter spp. METHODS: Dogs were randomly assigned to triple antimicrobial therapy with or without famotidine. Gastroduodenoscopy was performed 4 weeks and 6 months after therapy. Helicobacter spp status was determined by histologic assessment of gastric mucosal biopsy specimens. RESULTS: Eradication rates for each treatment were not significantly different and combined were 75 and 42.9% at 4 weeks and 6 months, respectively. A greater improvement in gastritis scores occurred in dogs that became Helicobacter spp negative. Overall, the frequency of vomiting was reduced by 86.4%, but there were no differences between treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Eradication rates of Helicobacter spp with both treatments were not significantly different. Eradication rates at 6 months were modest, and more effective treatments should be developed. Acid suppression is not a necessary component of treatment protocols for dogs. Eradication of gastric Helicobacter spp was associated with improvement in gastritis scores. Dramatic reduction of the vomiting frequency occurred with both treatment protocols. Gastric Helicobacter spp may cause or contribute to chronic vomiting and gastritis in some dogs.     

放线菌制剂对番茄PPO活性及生物量的影响

【目的】研究2种放线菌制剂对供试番茄生物量、保护性酶活性的影响,探索生防菌剂的防病促生机理。【方法】以Act1(加州链霉菌Streptomyces californicus)、Act2(假刺孢链霉菌Streptomyces pseudovenezuelae)、Act11(肉质链霉菌Streptomyces carnosus)、Act12(密旋链霉菌Streptomyces pactum)及Act8(1株未定种的链霉菌Streptomyces sp.)5种放线菌为材料,制成菌剂BCA1(由放线菌Act1、Act11和Act12按1∶1∶1的质量比混合而成)和菌剂BCA2(由Act1、Act2和Act8按1∶1∶1的质量比混合而成)2种放线菌制剂。以不接菌为对照,分别将BCA1和BCA2进行稀释后对番茄进行蘸根处理,采用常规称质量及PPO酶活性测定法分别对番茄生物量及叶片PPO酶活性进行测定。【结果】2种放线菌制剂均使苗期番茄叶片PPO活性降低,根系PPO活性升高,随着植株生长期的延长,菌剂对PPO活性的影响逐渐减小。②接种2种放线菌制剂对番茄生长均有明显的促进作用,BCA1使番茄的总生物量、茎质量、根系质量及须根质量分别增加了44.27%,47.38%,14.58%及52.85%;BCA2使番茄的总生物量、茎质量、根系质量及须根质量分别增加了46.87%,47.89%,42.63%及93.65%。【结论】接种放线菌制剂对番茄有明显的促生作用,可促进根系生长,增加生物量,并提高根系PPO活性,进而增强番茄根系的免疫力和抗病性。