L-α-氨基酸-铜(Ⅱ)-邻菲咯啉型SOD模拟物活性及对玉米幼苗抗盐害作用的影响

[研究目的]试验旨在研究新型超氧化物歧化酶模拟化合物,这些模拟物具有较高的SOD活性且有助于提高作物抗逆作用.[方法]用改进的氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)光还原法测定了两个L-α-氨基酸-铜(Ⅱ)-邻菲咯啉型SOD模拟物[Cu(Phen)(L-Met)(H2O)]Cl·2H2O(1)和[Cu(Phcn)(L-Lcu)(H2O)]Cl·2.5H2O(1)(L-Met=L-蛋氨酸,L-Leu=L-亮氨酸,Phen=1,10-邻菲咯啉)催化歧化超氧阴离子自由基(O2·-)的活性并研究了模拟物在中度盐害的情况下对玉米幼苗抗盐害作用的影响.[结果]结果表明这些模拟物具有较高的SOD活性,在10-7～10-8mol/L1浓度范围内对NBT光还原速率均能达到50%以上的抑制率.在中度盐害的情况下,用这些模拟物对玉米浸种,八叶期后对幼苗的生理生化指标进行检测,发现生物量提高了31.95%～39.34%(鲜重)和32.12%～48.76%)(干重),叶绿素含量提高了3.25%～8.52%,体内SOD活性提高了37.78%～46.99%.[结论]这些SOD模拟物能有效抑制玉米幼苗所受的盐害胁迫作用.     

南方地区高大平房仓包装储粮连续两年每年一次磷化氢熏蒸生产性试验报告

在南方地区高温高湿气候条件下,新建高大平房仓进行包装储粮一年一次磷化氢熏蒸杀虫,并能连续两年每年一次熏蒸保持储粮无害虫,粮质正常、粮情稳定.从把好来粮质量关入手,做好清洁卫生和消毒工作,确保仓房气密性,减少外界气温气湿影响.采用环流熏蒸,做好日常的温度、湿度、PH3浓度及粮质检测,掌握时机,推迟第二年的熏蒸时间,适时环流通风,取得了生产性试验的成功.     

长江下游地区偏高水分晚籼稻谷安全储藏技术研究

对水分在14.5%左右的晚籼稻谷,采用通风降温、控温储藏、密闭熏蒸等综合手段,通过两年的储藏,储藏安全,品质良好,可见在长江下游地区水分14.5%以下的晚籼稻可以安全度夏.     

中国水产加工的发展历程 产品形态和需求市场

水产加工位居渔业生产延长线上,且与水产品流通具有不即不离的关系,其发展将决定整个水产业的兴衰成败。通过对中国水产加工业的发展历程、产品形态和需求市场分析,认为中国水产加工业发展模式由外延扩张型向内涵增进型转变,对整个水产业发展起到了重要作用;产品形态上由传统加工向现代加工方向发展,加工技术得到提升和深化;需求市场由国内拓展向海外扩大,产业规模呈现持续增长的势头。     

Development and characterization of a new set of 164 polymorphic EST‐SSR markers for diversity and breeding studies in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.)

Despite its economic importance and recent genome release, the need for molecular tools for Hevea brasiliensis is high. In the frame of a disease resistance study, EST sequences were retrieved from public database or generated by sequencing SSH libraries. Sequences were trimmed and microsatellite motifs searched using an ad hoc bioinformatic pipeline, and pairs of primers for the amplification of candidate markers were generated. We found a total of 10 499 unigenes from both sources of sequences, and 673 microsatellites motifs were detected using the default parameters of the pipeline. Two hundred sixty‐four primer pairs were tested and 226 (85.6%) successfully amplified. Out of the amplified candidate markers, 164 exhibited polymorphism. Relationships based on dendrograms using simple matching index and diversity statistics based on EST‐SSRs were compared with Genomic SSRs, showing the potentialities of EST‐derived microsatellites for resistance studies but also for population genetics approaches.     

The mechanical roles of the clasping leaf sheath in cereals: Two case studies from oat and wheat plants

Stem lodging is a common problem in cereal crop production and a main constraint for grain yield improvement. The leaf sheath that surrounds and protects the hollow internodes of stem could provide the plants with a great physical support. However, this biomechanical function has been ignored for several decades in cereal crops. This study aimed to examine the biomechanical properties of basal stem internodes and lodging susceptibility of the whole plants with or without the clasping leaf sheath in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) among different genotypes and agronomic practices (including planting densities and nitrogen application rates). The main objective was to quantify the mechanical role of the leaf sheath in oat and wheat crops by a “safety factor” method. On average, the leaf sheath contributed 40%, 68% and 38% of the overall stem bending strength, flexural rigidity and safety factor, in oat, while it accounted for 11%, 24% and 10%, respectively, in wheat plants. The significant contribution of the leaf sheath is due to its vital role in enlarging the peripheral position (i.e., second moment of area) and stiffness (i.e., Young's modulus). The contribution ratios (%) were found to be higher in oat than in wheat plants, due to the greater mass density of leaf sheath and more proficient/prevailing stay-green capability in oat genotypes. This study emphasizes the important mechanical role of clasping leaf sheath on stem internodes of cereals and indicates that the stay-green trait of the leaf sheath can be exploited to design appropriate varieties with improved lodging resistance and great yield potential.     

开封市土地储备潜力规模研究

合理的土地储备规模不仅能保障社会经济的发展,还能避免土地的闲置与浪费,因此研究土地储备规模具有重要意义。笔者通过运用GM（1,1）模型预测出,到2020年开封市新增城镇建设用地的需求规模及农业人口数量,结合开封市2006-2020年土地利用总体规划预测出目标年城镇建设用地的总供给规模,再基于集约节约利用方式,预测出未来可节约城镇建设用地的潜力,从而得出开封市在目标年的土地储备规模。根据本研究思路测算出,开封市2020年土地储备规模为26036.22 hm2（含土地储备增量规模9990.35 hm2和存量规模16045.87 hm2）,这对于开封市优先盘活存量土地,有效控制建设用地占用农用地具有重要的现实意义。     

黄曲霉毒素的检测技术及预防措施

黄曲霉毒素是危害较大的毒素之一,给食品、饲料和畜牧等行业造成了极大的损失。由于它的强致病性及强致癌性,很早就受到了广大科学家及国际粮农组织的广泛关注。针对黄曲霉毒素的众多检测技术进行了归纳和总结,并比较了优缺点,为更好的检测黄曲霉毒素提供了理论依据。针对黄曲霉毒素的高度毒性,提出防治措施,以期保护公众健康、减少经济损失。     

富氮低氧储存稻谷品质变化试验

比较了在富氮低氧条件下储存三年的稻谷与常规磷化氢熏蒸储存稻谷品质变化.试验仓稻谷的发芽率下降了32％,对照仓下降了42％.试验仓脂肪酸值增加为4.0(KOH/干基)/(mg/100g),对照仓为6.3 (KOH/干基)/(mg/100g).品尝试验中,试验仓的品尝效果更好.