玉米机械精量播种技术在彰武地区的应用研究

介绍几年来彰武县玉米精量播种技术的推广应用情况,通过与传统播种方式田间对比试验,证明采用精量播种技术种植玉米具有节本增效、省时省工、增产增收的优势,并指出玉米机械精量播种技术实施过程中的关键环节。     

Novel royal jelly proteins identified by gel-based and gel-free proteomics

Royal jelly (RJ) plays an important role in caste determination of the honeybee; the genetically same female egg develops into either a queen or worker bee depending on the time and amount of RJ fed to the larvae. RJ also has numerous health-promoting properties for humans. Gel-based and gel-free proteomics approaches and high-performance liquid chromatography-chip quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry were applied to comprehensively investigate the protein components of RJ. Overall, 37 and 22 nonredundant proteins were identified by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and gel-free analysis, respectively, and 19 new proteins were found by these two proteomics approaches. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) were identified as the principal protein components of RJ, and proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism such as glucose oxidase, α-glucosidase precursor, and glucose dehydrogenase were also successfully identified. Importantly, the 19 newly identified proteins were mainly classified into three functional categories: oxidation-reduction (ergic53 CG6822-PA isoform A isoform 1, Sec61 CG9539-PA, and ADP/ATP translocase), protein binding (regucalcin and translationally controlled tumor protein CG4800-PA isoform 1), and lipid transport (apolipophorin-III-like protein). These new findings not only significantly increase the RJ proteome coverage but also help to provide new knowledge of RJ for honeybee biology and potential use for human health promotion.     

施钾对烤烟钾素吸收利用效率及其产量和品质的影响

通过田间小区试验研究了不同施K量对烤烟K素吸收利用效率及产量和品质性状的影响.结果表明:K在烤烟各器官的累积量和含K量均表现为叶＞茎＞根,随着施K量的增加,烟叶和烟株累积量和含K量显著增加,而K肥利用率,K素干物质生产效率和K素利用效率显著下降.烟叶产量和外在品质在施K量0～315kg/hm2范围内均随施K量的增加而提高,超过315kg/hm2则下降明显.增施K肥显著提高烟叶含K量、还原糖含量,降低总N、Ca、Mg、烟碱含量.相关分析表明,K素吸收利用效率与烟叶产量品质密切相关.     

便携式猪肉阻抗谱检测系统研制

基于生物阻抗谱检测原理,设计并实现了一个非破坏性的便携式肉品阻抗谱检测系统,主要包括信号发生单元和检测单元,信号源能够在0.1～250 kHz范围内自动扫频,检测单元由检测电极和增益、相位检测器构成。探讨了检测电极设计方案,比较分析了六钢针电极和四针石墨电极的性能,同时通过试验证明了系统的稳定性,1 kHz以上系统的变异系数CV＜6%;以组内相关系数ICC来评定在不同温度下系统的可靠性,系统模型中Ri、Re、C的ICC均大于65%,系统稳定可靠。选取猪肉样品进行了新鲜度指标与阻抗谱关系的初步研究,结果表明随着猪肉新鲜程度改变,猪肉复阻抗值、复阻抗实部值、复阻抗虚部值以及特征频率都表现出减小的趋势。     

微生态复合菌制剂在对虾养殖中的应用研究

以芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌为主体菌,并辅以放线菌组成的微生态复合菌制剂用于对虾养殖中,探讨了它们对养殖水体理化因子、生物因子和对虾生长的影响。模拟试验结果表明,投加微生态复合菌制剂后,试验池6dCODCr去除率高达84.7%;迅速矿化有机氮,有效加强硝化-反硝化作用,控制NH4-N在一定水平,NO2-N去除率高达81.5%;pH稳定在8.0～8.3之间,DO保持在5mg·L-1的较高水平。虾池长期监测结果表明,试验池水质各项指标均优于对照池;无任何大规模虾病发生;未出现“耍食”现象。试验池比对照池增产近1倍,成本降低近80%。     

地表覆被等环境条件对黔西北土壤有机氮组分的影响

为研究地表覆被对土壤有机氮组分的影响,选择贵州省毕节市七星关区覆被差异明显的旱耕地(YJ)、林灌地(LT)、灌草地(YH)和撂荒地(CJ) 4种样地类型,检测不同覆被等环境条件对土壤全氮和有机氮组分等的影响。结果表明：①双因素方差分析显示,地表覆被对土壤全氮和非酸解氮有显著影响,而土层深度对酸解总氮有影响,但并未达到显著水平。样地土壤剖面全氮的大小排序为YJ (1.421 g·kg-1)>LT (1.274 g·kg-1)>YH (0.972 g·kg-1)>CJ (0.859 g·kg-1)。②各样地土壤全氮含量与非酸解氮含量相关性达显著水平,这与研究区积温不足导致腐殖质化过程缓慢,碳水化合物等原始形态的含氮物质构成非酸解氮的主要成分有关。即使YH剖面全氮分布有异常,但其酸解总氮也随深度加深而下降,这表明其垂直分布具有一定的共性,且受地表覆被等因素影响有限。③酸解各形态氮的大小关系依次为酸解氨基酸态氮(0.322 g·kg-1)>酸解氨态氮(0.214 g·kg-1)>酸解未知态氮 (0.180 g·kg-1)>酸解氨基糖态氮(0.117 g·kg-1)。方差分析显示,土壤酸解氨态氮受地表覆被的影响达到显著水平,而酸解各形态氮受土层深度影响均不显著。④旱耕地酸解氨基糖态氮均值仅为0.026 g·kg-1,这与农药施用对微生物的毒害作用减少了糖态氮的生物补给有关。结果揭示了地表覆被等环境条件对土壤有机氮组分的影响,可为黔西北改善土壤氮素状况提供理论参考。     

农作物综合抗旱性评价方法的研究

从统计模型和应用两方面对抗旱系数、干旱伤害指数、干旱敏感指数及优势值等作了比较研究.结果表明:①干旱伤害指数和敏感指数较之抗旱系数只加了一个常数或除以一个常数,由3个公式计算出的3个变量系列其相关系数皆为1,抗旱系数是一个典型的表达式;②Lin的优势值将基因型值和基因型与环境的互作结合在一起,在理论上是比较完备的,但在本试验中计算结果与实际排序不甚符合;③抗旱指数将旱地产量与抗旱系数结合在一起,几年来抗旱指数DI已得到北方一些院校的采纳.     

中国扁股茧蜂属记述

按Mason的分类系统记述了中国小腹茧蜂亚科Microgastrinae小腹茧蜂族Microgastrini内的扁股茧蜂属Iconella Mason，描述了属征，并确定3个已知种隶属于扁股茧蜂属：即黄足扁股茧蜂Iconella vitellinipa (You et Zhou),nov.com。（新组合），扁腹扁股茧蜂Iconella compressiabdominis(You et Tong)和杨扇舟蛾扁股茧蜂Iconella sp。     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the CrDAT gene and selection of transgenic periwinkle lines with a high vincristine accumulation

Catharanthus roseus contains vincristine and vinblastine, which are outstanding drugs for cancer. In the biosynthetic pathways of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in C. roseus, deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase (DAT) is a key enzyme that catalyses the last reaction of vindoline biosynthesis to form vinblastine and vincristine. In this study, the CrDAT transgene was transferred into the periwinkle by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and generated transgenic periwinkle lines with an increase in vincristine accumulation. The C. roseus DAT gene was introduced into C. roseus plants and it was confirmed that CrDAT was successfully transferred into the genome of periwinkle plants and efficiently translated to synthesise recombinant DAT protein. Four transgenic periwinkle lines in T1 generation, T1-1, T1-3, T1-6, and T1-7, expressed recombinant DAT protein with the total protein content in the range of 2.86 μg.mg^?1 to 5.12 μg.mg^?1. Moreover, the vincristine contents of four transgenic lines increased by 1.63?2.48-fold compared to non-transgenic plants, ranging from 6.91 µg.g^?1 (fresh weight) to 10.53 µg.g^?1 (fresh weight). The T1-1 line had the highest vincristine content. Hence, the overexpression of the recombinant DAT protein can improve the vincristine accumulation of transgenic C. roseus plants.

Abbreviation: CrDAT - Catharanthus roseus Deacetylvindoline-4-O-Acetyl Transferase; D4H - Deacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase; ELISA - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Monoterpene indole alkaloid; T0, T1 - Generations of transgenic plants; TIAs - Terpenoid indole alkaloids; WT- The wild-type tobacco plants (non transgenic plant); 35S - Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter