湖北省金银花产业发展现状及思路

金银花是我国传统的名贵中药材,是集保健、药用、观赏及生态功能于一体的经济植物.本文介绍了金银花的生态和药用价值以及生产加工现状,分析了湖北省金银花产业发展的现状及存在的问题,提出了金银花产业化发展思路.     

松材线虫病研究进展

概述了松材线虫的生物学特性、行为学、致病机理等方面的研究动态，并介绍了松材线虫病环境影响评价的研究进展，提出了目前对松材线虫病的环境影响经济评价尚属空白，在松材线虫病对环境影响方面缺乏深入的研究。对其致病主要机理仍不清楚，需进一步进行研究。     

武夷山国家级自然保护区植物物种多样性研究

以植物群落调查样地资料为基础，从不同类型、不同层次的物种丰富度、多样性指数及均匀度指数对武夷山国家级自然保护区植物群落多样性进行了分析。本区植物群落多样性的变化规律为：物种丰富度、多样性指数及均匀度随该区植被演替趋势从针叶林、针阔叶混交林到常 阔叶林而增加，群落间变幅较大；植物生长型在物种丰富度、多样性指数及均匀度等多样性指数上均表现出灌木层＞乔木层的规律。毛竹林作为一种重要的植被类型，其灌木层物种多样性高于其它3种森林类型，但由于毛竹是无性繁殖，其在林分中占绝对优势，故乔木层物种多样性明显低于其它3种森林类型。     

杨、柳软质木材改性工艺研究及其物理性能比较

杨树、柳树是中原地区主要的速生树种,为充分利用速生林软质木材,研究其改性工艺,提高木材品质。作者通过对杨、柳木干燥改性实验,对软质木材进行改性。改性后木材尺寸稳定性增强、硬度大幅增大,杨树、柳树硬度分别提高49.2%、40.1%;木材的抗弯强度分别提高49.0%、51.5%。     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the CrDAT gene and selection of transgenic periwinkle lines with a high vincristine accumulation

Catharanthus roseus contains vincristine and vinblastine, which are outstanding drugs for cancer. In the biosynthetic pathways of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in C. roseus, deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase (DAT) is a key enzyme that catalyses the last reaction of vindoline biosynthesis to form vinblastine and vincristine. In this study, the CrDAT transgene was transferred into the periwinkle by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and generated transgenic periwinkle lines with an increase in vincristine accumulation. The C. roseus DAT gene was introduced into C. roseus plants and it was confirmed that CrDAT was successfully transferred into the genome of periwinkle plants and efficiently translated to synthesise recombinant DAT protein. Four transgenic periwinkle lines in T1 generation, T1-1, T1-3, T1-6, and T1-7, expressed recombinant DAT protein with the total protein content in the range of 2.86 μg.mg^?1 to 5.12 μg.mg^?1. Moreover, the vincristine contents of four transgenic lines increased by 1.63?2.48-fold compared to non-transgenic plants, ranging from 6.91 µg.g^?1 (fresh weight) to 10.53 µg.g^?1 (fresh weight). The T1-1 line had the highest vincristine content. Hence, the overexpression of the recombinant DAT protein can improve the vincristine accumulation of transgenic C. roseus plants.

Abbreviation: CrDAT - Catharanthus roseus Deacetylvindoline-4-O-Acetyl Transferase; D4H - Deacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase; ELISA - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Monoterpene indole alkaloid; T0, T1 - Generations of transgenic plants; TIAs - Terpenoid indole alkaloids; WT- The wild-type tobacco plants (non transgenic plant); 35S - Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter     

Cover Image,Volume 75, Issue 6

The cover image is based on Research Article Field evaluation of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayer: effect of spray volume on deposition and the control of pests and disease in wheat by Guobin Wang et al., DOI: 10.1002/ps.5321 . Illustration Credit: Guobin Wang, Yubin Lan, and Yuxing Han.

     

无人机施药对棉蚜的防治效果及经济效益分析

为探讨采用无人机防治新疆南部地区棉蚜的可行性并筛选防治效果好的杀虫剂及具有增效作用的杀虫剂助剂,研究了采用大疆MG-1S型无人机喷施不同的杀虫剂+助剂对棉蚜的防治效果,并对无人机飞防的经济效益进行了分析。结果表明:采用MG-1S型无人机喷施22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂(SC) 225 mL/hm2(制剂量,下同)时对棉蚜的防治效果最好,优于喷施70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂(WG) 30 g/hm2和70%啶虫咪WG 60 g/hm2。在添加助剂方面,以分别在70%啶虫脒WG 60g/hm2和70%吡虫啉WG 30g/hm2中添加15 mL/hm2的高工效通用助剂的防治效果最好,其次为聚合物类助剂和飞防增效剂;而在22%氟啶虫胺腈SC(150 mL/hm2)中,以添加150 mL/hm2的飞防增效剂的效果最好,其次为矿物源类、有机硅类和聚合物类助剂。采用无人机施药,在施药后3 d和5 d的防治效果与采用机械+人工拖管施药相比均无显著性差异,但无人机田间作业施药液量减少1/3,工作效率提高3倍,机械作业费减少60元/hm2,可满足现代农业高效、节药和降低成本的需要。     

玉树独一味异型花柱对结实率影响的初步研究

[目的]研究独一味异型花柱对结实率的影响.[方法]通过对独一味异型花柱在花序中不同位置和不同花期中的分布、盛花期异型花柱花部特征参数、异型花柱中花粉活力及柱头活性差异及花粉管在柱头上的萌发、花序不同部位自然结实率方面的研究,探讨独一味异型花柱与结实率的相关性.[结果]独一味L型花柱上花粉的萌发高于S型,L型花柱的位置和结实种子的位置具有一致性.[结论]独一味异型花柱与结实存在一定的相关性.     

Preliminary study of patients with chronic mountain sickness by GC-TOF-MS based serum metabolomics analysis

AIM: To evaluate specific metabolomics profiles in the serum of patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and to explore the potential metabolic biomarkers in the native Tibetans living on the Qinghai-Tibet Pla-teau.METHODS: A gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) approach as a metabolomics technique was used to evaluate metabolic differences. The native Tibetan CMS patients (n=10) and healthy Tibetan controls (n=10) were enrolled from YuShu in Qinghai province in this study. The serum samples were collected and analyzed by GC-TOF-MS coupled with a series of multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).RESULTS: The intergroup differences between CMS patients and control subjects have been observed. A list of differential metabolites and several top altered metabolic pathways have been identified. The levels of fumaric acid, an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and inosine were highly upregulated in the CMS patients, suggesting a greater effort to hypoxic adaptation in high elevation area. Other differential metabolites, such as methyl phosphate, 2-ketoadipate, lyxose and phytanic acid were also identified. Importantly, the differential metabolites possessed higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) values, indicating an excellent clinical ability for the prediction of CMS. Increased levels of amino acids (isoleucine, glycine, serine, L-cysteine, citrulline and trimethyllysine) were detected in CMS group, yet significantly decreased levels of sulfuric acid, oxamic acid, lyxose and glutamine were also detected in CMS group than those in control group. At the same time, the levels of ribose and glucose-1-phosphate were markedly elevated in CMS group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The metabolic activities are significantly altered in the serum of CMS patients. High altitude hypoxia may act on the disturbed glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in part of the Tibetan triggered by CMS.     

轮盘式液态肥穴播深施机设计与试验研究

液态肥穴播深施是利用高压液柱冲击土壤,通过精确控制流体喷射进行肥料定向深施的一种农机农艺新方法。为此,设计并研制了一种轮盘式液态肥穴播深施机,并通过土槽试验研究了液态肥穴播深施的可行性、成穴的基本规律及合适的工作参数范围。设计的开穴施肥轮上分布着多个导流开穴器,当导流开穴器插入土壤后,端面凸轮控制其开启,经过增压的高压液态肥沿导流开穴器射入土壤,解决了液态肥施肥过程中作业速度低、喷肥孔易堵塞及施肥量调节复杂等问题。研制了施肥机工作参数的试验测试系统,通过正交试验确定了其工作压力、流量和转速的最佳参数。试验表明:当压力取0.3MPa、节流阀开度为50%、转速为30r/min(对应机具速度0.86m/s)时,施肥量可满足设计要求。田间试验表明:轮盘式液态肥穴播深施机对覆膜、秸秆覆盖地、免耕地等作业环境有很强的适应性,比普通喷洒施肥节约肥料42%、提高作业效率30%以上。本研究为液态肥的深施肥作业机具研究和田间追肥农艺改进提供了参考。