苜蓿根系生长性状及其与产草量关系的研究

对13个秋播苜蓿品种的根系生长性状进行调查研究,结合产草量分析表明：不同苜蓿品种间根系生长参数差异显著（P〈O．05）,其中Prime和WL323的根系植物量最高,大于32g,WL323的侧根数最多,为17．8枝,综合评价以Prime、WL323、Super7和L90品种的根系生长性状最佳。在一年进行的3次刈割中,苜蓿自身根系的生长发育与第1次扣第2次地上生长形成相互促进关系,而与第3次生长形成竞争关系,进入越冬时苜蓿根系的好坏制约着次年的产草量,特别是次年第3次的产草量。     

呼伦贝尔沙化草地围封效应及生物多样性变化研究

2004年,在内蒙古呼伦贝尔沙化草地,测定围封不同年限(1、4、7、11、17年)沙化草地群落的特征值,分析围栏封育对沙化草地植被特征及生物多样性变化的影响。植被的自然恢复从一年生植物的侵入开始,差巴嘎蒿(Artemisia halodendron Turcz.ex Bess.)等重要值在围封第7、11和17年分别为第4年的1.57、1.78和1.37;一年生植物呈减少趋势,沙米(Agriophylluns arenarium Bieb.)在围封第11年完全消失。植被盖度平均增长4.6倍,草层高度平均增高75.3%。围封17和11年、1和4年,群落相似系数最大,分别为0.9630和0.7143。结果表明:沙化草地围封后,由于干扰源解除,群落组成发生了规律性变化,植物群落逐渐由不稳定的一年生植被向次稳定的灌丛化植被和相对稳定的干草原植被过渡,随着围封年限的增加,群落结构逐渐趋于合理,物种丰富度、多样性和群落均匀性不断增大,但沙化草地围封后的植被近自然恢复也是一个漫长的系统修复与竞争过程。呼伦贝尔沙化草地经过17年的围封,植被系统仍十分脆弱,群落中一年生植物仍占有较大比例,受干扰后极易发生再度沙化。     

S2基因失活突变马传染性贫血病毒感染性克隆的构建及感染性研究

为研制马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)标记疫苗株,本研究在EIAV驴胎皮肤(FDD)细胞弱毒疫苗株感染性克隆pEIAVFDDV3-8的S2基因内部引入两个终止密码子,致使S2基因终止表达,构建了一株S2基因突变的感染性克隆pEIAVFDDV3-8△S2。用该重组质粒转染FDD细胞,盲传至第4代时,转染细胞病变明显,电镜下可见细胞内的典型病毒颗粒。反转录酶活性检测和Real-time PCR对病毒拷贝数的检测均证明,获得了EIAVS2基因终止表达的感染性克隆毒株,命名为EIAVFDDV3-8△S2。     

饲喂益生素雏鸡新城疫疫苗免疫后外周血液的体液免疫变化

为了研究益生素与疫苗的体液免疫增强联合效应,应用免疫SPA菌体花环法、间接ELISA法对饲喂益生素雏鸡ND疫苗免疫后,其外周血液B淋巴细胞数量、IgG、IgM和IgA含量的动态变化进行了较全面系统地研究。结果发现,应用益生素的雏鸡ND疫苗免疫后7d内,其上述被检指标显著高于ND疫苗单独免疫雏鸡(p0.05),表明益生素可提高雏鸡外周血液对ND疫苗的体液免疫应答能力。益生素Ⅰ组雏鸡外周血液的体液免疫指标又略高于益生素Ⅱ组雏鸡,说明益生素Ⅰ的疫苗免疫增强效果优于益生素Ⅱ。     

Nuclear Replacement of In Vitro‐Matured Porcine Oocytes by a Serial Centrifugation and Fusion Method

The objective of the present study was to establish a method for nuclear replacement in metaphase‐II (M‐II) stage porcine oocytes. Karyoplasts containing M‐II chromosomes (K) and cytoplasts without chromosomes (C) were produced from in vitro‐matured oocytes by a serial centrifugation method. The oocytes were then reconstructed by fusion of one karyoplast with 1, 2, 3 or 4 cytoplasts (K + 1C, K + 2C, K + 3C and K + 4C, respectively). Reconstructed oocytes, karyoplasts without fusion of any cytoplast (K) and zona‐free M‐II oocytes (control) were used for experiments. The rates of female pronucleus formation after parthenogenetic activation in all groups of reconstructed oocytes (58.2–77.4%) were not different from those of the K and control groups (58.2% and 66.0%, respectively). In vitro fertilization was carried out to assay the fertilization ability and subsequent embryonic development of the reconstructed oocytes. The cytoplast : karyoplast ratio did not affect the fertilization status (penetration and male pronuclear formation rates) of the oocytes. A significantly high monospermy rate was found in K oocytes (p < 0.05, 61.6%) compared with the other groups (18.2–32.8%). Blastocyst formation rates increased significantly as the number of the cytoplasts fused with karyoplasts increased (p < 0.05, 0.0–15.3%). The blastocyst rate in the K + 4C group (15.3%) was comparable with that of the control (17.8%). Total cell numbers in both the K + 3C and K + 4C groups (16.0 and 15.3 cells, respectively) were comparable with that of the control (26.2 cells). Our results demonstrate that a serial centrifugation and fusion (Centri‐Fusion) is an effective method for producing M‐II chromosome transferred oocytes with normal fertilization ability and in vitro development. It is suggested that the number of cytoplasts fused with a karyoplast plays a critical role in embryonic development.     

Biomechanical Comparison of the Trocar Tip Point and the Hollow Ground Tip Point for Smooth External Skeletal Fixation Pins

Objective —To compare the insertional characteristics of external fixator pins with hollow ground (HG), modified HG, and trocar (T) points.
Study Design —An acute, in vitro biomechanical evaluation.
Sample Population—Thirteen radii from canine cadavers.
Methods —A total of 16 T-tipped and 16 HG-tipped pins were inserted into 8 canine radii. Ten pins of each modification of the HG tip (length of the cutting edge reduced by 0.127 mm and 0.254 mm, respectively) were inserted into another five radii. All pins were inserted with low-speed power drilling and 80 N drilling load. Differences between peak tip temperature, drilling energy, and pullout force were determined for each pin type at both diaphyseal and metaphyseal locations.
Results —HG-tipped pins showed a 40% lower tip temperature in diaphyseal bone, a 25% reduction in drilling energy in diaphyseal bone, and a reduction of pullout force in both diaphyseal (65%) and metaphyseal (50%) bone compared with T-tipped pins. HG 0.254-mm pins generated higher tip temperatures and had greater pullout than HG pins in diaphyseal bone.
Conclusions —The HG tip was a more efficient design; however, the reduction in pullout force suggests that, because a better hole was drilled, radial preload is reduced. Reduction of the cutting edge by 0.254 mm increased the pullout force but also increased the temperatures.
Clinical Relevance —Thermal and microstructural damage are reduced by the HG tip, but pin-bone interface stability is also compromised. The use of a tip with 0.254 mm reduction in the cutting edge may optimize the biological and mechanical factors at the pin-bone interface.     

不同强度干旱胁迫对红砂种子萌发的影响

采用培养皿纸上发芽床实验设计,设置PEG6000 0(CK)、25 g/L、50 g/L、75 g/L、100 g/L、125 g/L、150g/L、200 g/L、250 g/L、300g/L 10个干旱胁迫处理,NaCl 0(CK)、50 mmol/L 2个处理,研究了不同干旱胁迫条件下红砂种子的萌发率、萌发势、萌发指数、活力指数等指标的变化特点。结果表明,PEG6000浓度低于75 g/L时萌发率随PEG6000浓度升高有上升的趋势,但高于125 g/L时萌发率随着PEG6000浓度的升高而下降,直至0;种子能够萌发的最高PEG6000浓度为200 g/L。干旱胁迫对种子胚芽生长有抑制作用,但轻度干旱可促进初生根生长。PEG6000浓度高于100时可以显著延缓种子的初始发芽时间,降低种子的发芽势。NaCl处理对红砂种子萌发率无显著影响,但对萌发指数、萌发势、和活力指数均有显著影响。     

铬对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和胴体品质的影响

用21日龄Arbor Acress(AA)肉公鸡336只,研究饲粮中添加铬对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和胴体品质的影响。将试验鸡只共分为8个处理组,分别添加源于氯化铬的铬2．0、4．0、6．0、8.0、10．0、12．0和14．0mg/kg。结果表明:饲粮中添加2．0mg/kg铬显著提高了肉仔鸡胸腺重(P<0．10),降低了腹脂率(P<0．10),4．0、6．0mg/kg铬显著提高了全净膛率(P< 0．10),各试验组显著提高了T淋巴细胞转化率(P<0．10);饲粮中添加铬对其余指标则无显著影响(P>0．10)。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒强弱毒株嵌合感染性克隆的构建及鉴定

查明猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)致病性大幅增高的机制,进而研制用于防治流行PRRSV变异株的高效疫苗无疑是兽医工作者的当务之急.在弱毒株APRRS的全长感染性克隆pAPRRS以及我室构建的高致病性HP PRRSV感染性克隆pJX143的基础上,构建了nsp2替换的强弱毒PRRSV嵌合感染性克隆.将构建的嵌合克隆转染MA104,4d后观察到典型的CPE.通过RT-PCR和免疫荧光证明获得了一系列强弱毒株之间的嵌合病毒.这些嵌合病毒的构建成功和相应反向遗传操作平台的建立及应用,为研发预防HP PRRSV的高效嵌合疫苗奠定了基础.该类嵌合感染性cDNA克隆也为解析目前流行的HP PRRSV毒力因子和高致病力机制奠定了基础.     

依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症骨组织病理变化的影响

本试验选用200只24周龄健康海蓝褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组:对照组(基础日粮中含钙3.55%)、低钙组(日粮含钙1.27%)、试验Ⅰ组(8mg依普黄酮/kg低钙日粮)和试验Ⅱ组(20mg依普黄酮/kg低钙日粮),观察依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症骨组织病理变化的影响。结果显示,与低钙组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组骨髓腔面积分别显著下降7.81%(P0.05)和10.26%(P0.05),骨皮质平均厚度分别显著升高23.78(P0.05)和27.60(P0.05),并且骨小梁增厚、变密,骨陷窝变浅,成骨细胞增多,破骨细胞减少。结果表明,低钙日粮中添加依普黄酮能显著改善蛋鸡骨质疏松症的临床症状,与其促进成骨细胞生成,抑制破骨细胞活性,使其骨量增加,骨结构得到改善密切相关。