In vivo kinetic study on uptake and distribution of intramuscular tritium-labeled polysulfated glycosaminoglycan in equine body fluid compartments and articular cartilage in an osteochondrial defect model

The uptake and distribution of intramuscularly (IM) administered tritium-labeled polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (³H-PSGAG) in serum, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage of eight horses was quantitated, and hyaluronic acid (HA) concentration of the middle carpal joint was evaluated in a pharmacokinetic study. A full-thickness articular cartilage defect, created on the distal articular surface of the left radial carpal bone of each horse served as an osteochondral defect model. ³H-PSGAG (500 mg) was injected IM, between 14 and 35 days after creation of the defects. Scintillation analysis of serum and synovial fluid, collected from both middle carpal joints at specific predetermined times up to 96 hours post-injection, revealed mean ³H-PSGAG concentrations peaked at 2 hours post-injection. ³H-PSGAG was detected in cartilage and subchondral bone 96 hours post-injection in samples from all eight horses. There were no statistically significant differences in ³H-PSGAG concentration of synovial fluid or cartilage between cartilage defect and control (right middle carpal) joints.

HA assay of synovial fluid revealed concentrations significantly increased at 24, 48, and 96 hours post-injection in both joints. The concentration nearly doubled 48 hours post-injection. However, no statistically significant differences were found between synovial concentrations of HA in cartilage defect and control joints.

³H-PSGAG administered IM to horses, was distributed in the blood, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage. HA concentrations in synovial fluid increased after IM administration of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan.     

王先谦汉学研究与书院传播

王先谦是晚清一位重要的汉学大师。受道光以后晚来湖湘汉学之风和督学江南时江浙考据学派的影响 ,王先谦的治学呈现明显的汉学倾向 ;在湖湘理学传统和晚清经世思潮的影响下 ,王先谦的汉学又不同于传统的乾嘉汉学 ,已走出纯粹的考据而呈现出既趋重经史考据 ,又能调和汉宋、兼采古今、求实致用的多途取向。王先谦一生治学讲学 ,始终没有离开过书院。正是借由如南菁、思贤、城南、岳麓等书院 ,王先谦为传播汉学做出了重要贡献。     

In vitro viability of cryopreserved equine embryos following different freezing protocols.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate two freezing protocols and the effect of agar embedding on survival of day 6.5 equine embryos. A total of 133 embryos were used, in one group (n = 51), embryos were first embedded in agar before the freezing protocol was started. A freezing protocol to -30 degrees C or -33 degrees C was used before plunging embryos into liquid nitrogen (LN2). The embryos were thawed in water at 37 degrees C, evaluated and placed in culture. After 24 h culture, the embryos were evaluated for their morphology and development. No differences were observed between embryos plunged at -30 degrees or at -33 degrees C in LN2. The analysis of the morphology and development after thawing showed that the diameter and developmental stage at freezing correlated with embryo survival. Morula and early blastocyst stages of development were associated with better quality after freezing and thawing and had a better potential to survive after in vitro culture (p < 0.05) compared to more advanced stages. The agar failed to protect embryos from zona pellucida damage, but a tendency to prevent rupture was observed in larger embedded embryos.     

Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on renal antioxidants, malondialdehyde levels, and some serum biochemical parameters

Effects of amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin on renal tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and malondialdehyde, serum creatinine, potassium, sodium, total protein, glucose, uric acid, and total bilirubin levels were investigated. All aminoglycoside antibiotics decreased renal tissue glutathione levels.     

玉门市种业发展的现状与发展思路

在分析玉门市种子产业现状和存在问题的基础上,提出的种子产业发展思路是:深化改革,加速育繁销一体化;优化品种结构,开发新品种;搞好规划,加强基地建设;整合资源,拓展制种领域;落实种子法规,加强市场管理.     

新形势下森林资源保护管理对策

2004年8月,江西省开始启动林业产权制度改革,用近一年的时间基本完成了试点工作,目前改革工作已在全省全面铺开.通过林改,明晰林业产权,减免税费,逐渐放活经营,规范流转,林业生产关系更加适应社会主义市场经济发展需要,提高了木材生产收益、群众造林护林积极性及山地租赁价格.但是,在新的林业生产关系下,许多配套管理措施还没有完善,森林保护管理工作出现一些新情况新问题不可避免.为保护好、管理好森林资源,需要对这些新变化、新情况、新问题进行研究,找出规范管理的新途径.     

Presentation of postweaning Escherichia coli diarrhea in southern Ontario, prevalence of hemolytic E. coli serogroups involved, and their antimicrobial resistance patterns

Post-weaning Escherichia coli diarrhea (PWECD) in Ontario was investigated using a case-control study involving 50 Ontario nurseries. The clinical signs and the impact on productive parameters were determined by means of a producer survey. The hemolytic E. coli serogroups involved in PWECD (O149:K91:K88) were examined in this study. Based on a polymerase chain reaction test, the hemolytic E. coli from 82% of the case herds were positive for 3 enterotoxins (STa, STb, and LT), those from 12% of the case herds were positive for STb and LT only, and those from one herd (6%) were positive for 3 enterotoxins, as well as for verotoxin and F18 pili. The E. coli involved in disease were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Case farms commonly used a wide variety of antibiotics either in the feed or water, or as injectable drugs. The most common antibiotic used to treat PWECD on the study farms was apramycin, but evidence of resistance to this antibiotic was noted. The PWECD problem was commonly seen within a week of weaning but onset of diarrhea was reported as late as the grower-finisher stage. Growth rate was poorer in case herds and mortality was higher than in control herds, demonstrating that PWECD is an economically important disease in Ontario.