非洲猪瘟的生物媒介

非洲猪瘟(ASF)存在多种传播途径,但其生物媒介--钝缘蜱是ASF病毒在疫源地传播、长期保存甚至发生变异的关键因素,也是ASF在很多地区和国家久控不绝的重要原因.为此作者将从钝缘蜱的生物学特性和生态学特性、与ASF的相互关系、该类蜱的防控及其在中国的分布现状等角度进行论述,为非洲猪瘟的有效防控奠定基础.     

成都平原及岷江上游地区生态环境的变化

以成都市区为中心的成都平原及其毗邻的岷江上游地区,共同组成了中国西部唯一的一片“森林-水田农业生态区”,也是中国西部最发达的经济区。近50年来,这一地区生态环境发生了明显的变化,成都平原缺水,天气变得干而热,岷江上游森林植被萎缩,干旱河谷扩大,水量减少,水土流失加剧等等。在考察中发现了以下事实成都市区近60年来,降水量减少25％;地下水位由1-3m下降到10-20m;都江堰供水区年缺水量达12亿m     

不同品种猪PBD-124基因多态性及差异表达研究

【目的】 克隆获得猪β-防御素-124（porcine beta-defensin-124,PBD-124）基因CDS区并探究其多态性,分析PBD-124基因在不同品种猪及同种猪不同组织内的表达情况。【方法】 采用RT-PCR方法扩增并克隆猪PBD-124基因CDS区,利用PCR-RFLP酶切法对大白猪、民猪和野杂猪PBD-124基因的Bln Ⅰ酶切位点进行多态性检测,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测该基因在不同品种猪肝脏、脾脏和血液内的表达差异。【结果】 试验成功克隆出猪PBD-124基因CDS区,长423 bp,共编码140个氨基酸,测序结果发现其存在c.257 G>A和c.263 T>G 2个突变位点,因2个突变位点间隔过近,可能存在连锁,仅对第1个突变位点进行酶切,大白猪中检测到GG、GA、AA 3种基因型,而民猪和野杂猪中仅检测到GA和AA 2种基因型,3个群体中AA基因型均为优势基因型,大白猪、民猪和野杂猪的AA基因型频率分别为0.5261、0.9412和0.6452,且3个群体均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P>0.05）。3个群体的多态性均不高,大白猪处于中度多态（0.25<PIC<0.5）,民猪和野杂猪则处于低度多态（PIC<0.25）。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PBD-124基因在大白猪、民猪、野杂猪的脾脏、肝脏及血液中均有表达,且存在表达差异。【结论】 猪PBD-124基因CDS区长423 bp,共编码140个氨基酸,与参考序列比对发现2个突变位点,均未引起氨基酸突变;3个群体多态性均不高;PBD-124基因在不同品种猪及同种猪不同组织间表达均存在差异。     

绵羊PRLR基因内含子9和外显子10多态性与产羔数的关系研究

本研究采用PCR-SSCP技术对绵羊催乳素受体(PRLR)基因内含子9和外显子10部分核苷酸多态性及其与小尾寒羊、中国美利奴(新疆型)绵羊多胎品系、肉用品系、体大品系、萨福克、无角陶赛特、中国美利奴(新疆型)和德国肉用美利奴产羔数间的关系进行了分析。结果发现:①在绵羊PRLR基因内含子9的第259 bp处,存在C→T转换,BB基因型的小尾寒羊平均产羔数分别较AA和AB基因型提高0.81和0.87只(P0.05);②在绵羊PRLR基因外显子10的第304 bp处存在一个G→A转换,该突变导致PRLR基因第387位氨基酸残基由Glu突变为Lys,并使中国美利奴(新疆型)多胎品系中AB基因型的平均产羔数较AA和BB基因型增加0.58和0.80只(P0.05);③在绵羊PRLR基因外显子10第571、585和606bp处分别存在G→A、C→G和C→T突变;其中前2处突变分别导致PRLR基因的第476位氨基酸由Ala突变为Thr,第480位氨基酸由Ser突变为Arg。其中第571 bp处突变导致小尾寒羊AB基因型的平均窝产羔数显著高于AA基因型的窝产羔数,增加0.8只(P0.05)。以上结果提示,PRLR基因可能是控制小尾寒羊和中国美利奴(新疆型)绵羊多胎品系产羔数的主效基因或与之存在紧密的遗传连锁。     

猪带绦虫TSOL18特异性单克隆抗体的制备及其体外杀虫作用的研究

本研究目的在于制备抗猪带绦虫TSOL18单克隆抗体,并分析单抗对六钩蚴的杀伤作用。采用SephadexG-100纯化在毕赤酵母中表达的猪带绦虫六钩蚴TSOL18蛋白;纯化的蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,运用杂交瘤技术建立能分泌抗TSOL18单克隆抗体的细胞株;通过ELISA叠加试验进行mAb的抗原表位分析;采用间接ELISA法测定TSOL18单克隆抗体特异性及腹水效价;采用抗TSOL18单克隆抗体对激活的猪带绦虫六钩蚴进行体外六钩蚴杀伤试验,观察单抗对猪带绦虫六钩蚴活力的影响。结果成功获得12株稳定分泌抗TSOL18单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,识别2个不同抗原表位,不同抗原表位的2株单克隆抗体腹水效价分别为1×102、1×106。抗体体外六钩蚴杀伤试验结果证明,在有补体的情况下,多抗和单抗作用6 d后,六钩蚴结构模糊,边缘不清晰。表明单抗对六钩蚴有一定的杀伤作用。     

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.     

RT-PCR技术检测猪瘟病毒的应用研究

本试验应用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)对猪瘟进行诊断应用研究.应用RT-PCR对来自广西不同地区的135份疑似猪瘟病料进行检测,84份诊断为阳性,阳性率62.2%.从百色、柳州地区等采集的健康猪扁桃体和淋巴结共276份,经RT-PCR检测,37份为阳性,阳性率为13.4%.其中健康猪扁桃体带毒较高,246份扁桃体中有35份阳性,占14.2%.采自柳州健康猪的26份淋巴结材料全为阴性,只有邕宁县的1份健猪淋巴结阳性.结果表明,RT-PCR技术可应用于猪瘟的临床诊断.     

全蚕粉复合物降血糖及降血脂效果的比较

通过动物试验和糖尿病患者服用试验,比较了全蚕粉复合物(SPC)与全蚕粉(SP)的降血糖和降血脂效果。动物试验表明,SPC的降血糖效果优于SP和拜糖平,并能显著提高糖尿病小鼠的C肽水平,降低小鼠血浆总胆固醇水平。糖尿病患者服用SPC后,不仅能降低空腹血糖和餐后血糖,而且能降低糖化血红蛋白水平,未发现低血糖及其它不良反应。     

H5亚型鸭源流感病毒HA基因序列生物信息学分析

A型流感病毒（AIV）引起的禽类禽流行性感冒（avian influenza,AI）或相关疾病,被国际兽疫局定为甲类传染病。AIV中最容易突变的基因是血凝素（HA）基因,具有亚型和株的特异性,是区分病毒亚型的依据之一。本研究从GenBank中下载了所有209条鸭源H5禽流感病毒HA基因的全序列,利用生物信息学软件构建进化树研究序列的聚类特点;比较不同年份毒株的HA基因的受体结合位点氨基酸,找出受体结合位点氨基酸的变异规律;比较不同年份分离的鸭源H5N1序列的HA1和HA2蛋白的剪切位点,找出各年份毒株的剪切位点的特点;比较不同年份分离序列的潜在糖基化位点,统计各年份潜在糖基化位点的数量以及序列变化。期望找到H5亚型鸭源流感病毒的变异规律和变异方向,为鸭源流感的防控起到积极的作用。     

Isolation and Identification of Aeromonas hydrophila from the Case of Channel Catfish Bowel Disease

To ensure the cause of suspected bacteria disease for channel catfish, the bacteria from clinical cases were isolated and cultured, then the biochemical and molecular biology assay, and animal regression test were used to identify the species of the isolated bacteria, bacteria medicine sensitive test was used to detect the bacterial drug resistance. The results showed that the bacteria were gram negative bacilli. The colony morphology and biochemical characteristics of the isolated bacteria were same as Aeromonas hydrophila. The sequencing test of the 16S rDNA also confirmed the isolated bacteria were Aeromonas hydrophila. The isolated bacteria could infect the healthy channel catfish and cause the same symptoms as the clinical case. The isolated bacteria were sensitive to floroquinolones and resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin drugs. The results showed that the pathogen of case catfish bowel disease was Aeromonas hydrophila, and the floroquinolones could use to prevent and treat the disease.