EMS诱变水稻创制抗咪唑啉酮除草剂种质

为了创制水稻非转基因抗除草剂种质,丰富我国水稻轻简化栽培杂草防治所需的配套种质资源,本研究以0.5％(w/v)甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)水溶液诱变水稻种子14 h,然后以咪唑啉酮类除草剂筛选3 ～4叶期的M2水稻幼苗.结果发现,M2幼苗茎叶喷雾160 mg·L-1甲咪唑烟酸15 d后,非抗性苗黄化、生长被抑制甚至枯死,抗性苗...     

Uterine Expression of WNT7A and β-catenin After Induction of Oestrus in Sheep

WNT7A and β-catenin localisations and roles in regulating periimplantation ovine conceptus development under natural estrous conditions have been elaborated.However,their locations and expression patterns have not been reported under induction of oestrus.The localisation,expression and function of WNT7A and β-catenin in the uterine tissues of the early pregnant and non-pregnant sheep on days 10,12,14,16 and 18 following artificial induction of oestrus were investigated by means of in situ hybridisation,real-time RT-PCR,immuno-histochemistry and western blotting methods.WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein were both restricted to the apical surfaces of the uterine luminal epithelium (LE) and glandular epithelium (GE).In pregnant sheep,protein localisation of WNT7A and β-catenin was observed both in the endometrial LE and GE.Their staining presented on day 10,increased between day 12 and day 16,and decreased on day 18.WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression increased initially and then decreased from day 10 to day 18,peaking on day 16,and β-catenin reaching a peak on day 18 in the uterine tissues of pregnant sheep (p0.05).By contrast,no significant changes in WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels were observed from day 10 to day 18 of the oestrus cycle in the uterine tissues of non-pregnant sheep (p0.05).Additionally,WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels in the uterine tissues of the early pregnant sheep were significantly higher than those of non-pregnant sheep (p0.05).Treatment of endometrial epithelial cells with WNT7A increased the mRNA expressions of β-catenin,c-myc and Cyclin D1.These results provided an underlying mechanism of periimplantation ovine conceptus development under induction of oestrus.     

长江中下游冬油菜产区有机无机肥配施下减氮增效潜力分析

【目的】评估长江中下游冬油菜主产区化肥减施增效的潜力与区域适宜性,为该区域油菜产业减肥增效提供科学依据。【方法】于2018年在江苏（高淳）、湖南（安仁）、湖北（沙洋）、安徽（休宁和当涂）四省（共5个地点）布置以有机肥（M）用量（0、2 250 kg·hm^-2）和施氮（N）水平（0、90、135、180、225、270 kg·hm^-2）为控制因素的冬油菜田间试验,分析有机无机肥配施对油菜产量、化学氮肥利用率和经济效益的影响,并评估不同区域冬油菜最佳产量和施肥效益下适宜的有机无机配施技术模式及其减肥潜力。【结果】相比于单施化肥,增施有机肥显著提升油菜产量,增产幅度达7.7%—43.3%。以最高产量为目标,各试验点在增施有机肥的基础上推荐化肥氮施用量分别为：高淳195 kg·hm^-2,安仁199 kg·hm^-2,沙洋195 kg·hm^-2,休宁179 kg·hm^-2,当涂185 kg·hm^-2。通过模型拟合发现各试验点达到单施化肥最高产量时,有机肥施用可替代26.7%—45.9%的化肥氮投入,且随着土壤基础肥力提高,化肥氮减施潜力增加。不同有机肥用量下,油菜化学氮肥利用率均随施氮量的增加呈下降趋势,但有机无机配施能够有效提高各氮肥梯度下油菜的化学氮肥偏生产力和农学效率,各试验点化学氮肥偏生产力增幅为24.4%—53.0%,化学氮肥农学利用效率增幅为26.3%—89.9%。与不施氮处理（N₀）相比,安仁、休宁和当涂试验点在施用180 kg N·hm^-2并配施有机肥处理下增收效益最大,依次为8 915、10 358和6 569元/hm²;而高淳和沙洋试验点在单施化肥（225 kg N·hm^-2）处理下增收效益最大,分别为11 252、8 500元/hm²。【结论】长江中下游部分冬油菜产区采用有机无机肥配施技术可实现减化肥氮26.7%—45.9%的同时提高籽粒产量、化学氮肥利用率及氮肥或有机肥增收效益,实现减氮增效。     

安徽省草鱼养殖群体遗传多样性及遗传结构分析

通过微卫星分子标记对来自安徽省4个草鱼养殖群体进行遗传分析。结果表明,7个微卫星位点均具有高度多态性(PIC=0.863～0.926),4个草鱼群体均显示出较高的遗传多样性(He=0.886 1～0.911 4)。AMOVA分析显示,大多数遗传变异存在于草鱼群体内(97.6%),群体间的遗传变异仅为2.4%。遗传分化和遗传距离分析显示,4个群体整体分化水平较低(Fst0.05),怀远和滁州群体遗传分化最小(Fst=0.013 7),遗传距离最近(Dn=0.269 8),池州和无为群体遗传分化最大(Fst=0.042 5),遗传距离最远(Dn=0.591 6)。系统进化树显示,怀远和滁州群体亲缘关系最近,与池州最远。此外,4个养殖场内部草鱼均存在近亲繁殖现象。建议4个养殖场及时更新亲本,增加繁殖亲本的数量,避免近交衰退带来的风险。     

文心兰高效再生体系的建立

[目的]建立文心兰高效再生体系,为利用转基因技术进行品种改良提供科学依据.[方法]以文心兰柠檬绿的无菌苗叶片为材料,探讨不同植物生长调节剂配比对其原球茎诱导的影响,开展增殖、生根及移栽研究,建立其高效稳定的再生体系.[结果]影响文心兰原球茎诱导的3种植物生长调节剂主次排序为萘乙酸(NAA)>噻苯隆(TDZ)>6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA),在1/2MS培养基中添加0.5 mg/L NAA、0.5 mg/L 6-BA和0.3 mg/L TDZ的诱导率最高,达48.0%.培养基中活性炭含量及碳水化合物种类对文心兰原球茎增殖的影响存在明显差异,不同活性炭含量处理间的原球茎增殖系数存在显著差异(P<0.05,下同),添加1.0 g/L活性炭较添加0.5 g/L活性炭的增殖系数显著升高,不同碳水化合物种类间的原球茎增殖系数排序为海藻糖>麦芽糖>蔗糖,最佳增殖和分化培养基为1/2MS+4.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.4 mg/L NAA+1.0 g/L活性炭+20 g/L海藻糖.添加10%椰子水的文心兰幼苗生根数显著高于添加10%香蕉汁和10%苹果汁,每株平均生根量接近4.00条,即生根效果最佳的培养基为1/2MS+0.8 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+10%椰子水.移栽过程中根部用水苔包裹后再移至椰糠中,保证光照、水分适宜,适当添加缓释肥,移栽成活率可达100%.[结论]利用海藻糖或麦芽糖作为碳源的文心兰原球茎增殖效果较优,生根数和生根质量优势明显;不同植物生长调节剂配比、碳源和有机物的添加对文心兰组织培养具有明显的促进效果.     

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in trimethylamine N-oxide-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-mediated oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. The cells were stained by DCFH-DA, and the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by phase-contrast microscopy and detected by flow cytometric analysis. The protein levels of phospho-IRE-1α, IRE-1α and GRP78/BiP were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: TMAO exerted no significant effect on the viability of HUVECs. For a long period (>24 h), even a low concentration (10 μmol/L) of TMAO increased the oxidative stress level in the HUVECs (P<0.05). TMAO increased the phosphorylation level of IRE-1α and significantly up-regulated the protein level of GRP78/BiP in HUVECs (P<0.01). Pretreatment with STF-083010, an inhibitor of IRE1α, for 1 h reduced TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs.     

虎雪兰玻璃化超低温法脱毒技术的研究

以兰属花卉虎雪兰组培原球茎为试材,采用玻璃化超低温法对兰花病毒脱除进行了研究,以期为虎雪兰玻璃化超低温法脱毒体系的建立提供参考依据。结果表明:在蔗糖浓度0.5 mol·L-1预培养4 d,然后在蔗糖0.6 mol·L-1加载液冰上处理50 min,之后转入PVS2溶液冰上玻璃化处理120 min,再液氮冷冻40 min,37℃水浴解冻3 min,最后卸载液(1/2MS+1.2 mol·L-1蔗糖)卸载20 min,待恢复培养后,原球茎成活率可达到65%以上,随机检测不同处理样品的脱毒率可达97%。     

中国农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准体系现状与展望

农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准是农业转基因生物安全管理必不可少的技术保障.截至2021年1月,农业部/农业农村部共发布了农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准47项.本文对我国农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准体系现状进行初步总结,对国内外农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准的发展现状进行比较,探讨了今后一段时间内农业转基因生物环境安全...