黑龙江烟草病害种类鉴定及发生情况

为了明确黑龙江主要烟区目前病害发生和危害情况，于2010-2013年对黑龙江烟草主产区病害进行普查。鉴定结果表明，黑龙江烟草病害26种，其中真菌病害11种，细菌病害2种，病毒病害7种，寄生性种子植物1种，非侵染性病害5种；发生普遍且危害重的病害主要是烟草普通花叶病、角斑病。     

天水市区行道树结构特征分析

对天水市城区行道树资源、使用频度、综合指数进行了调查分析。结果表明,天水市区行道树共有30种,隶属19科24属。其中重要值较高的行道树有侧柏、国槐、栾树、女贞、悬铃木。天水市区行道树多样性指数与物种丰富度呈正相关,秦州区的多样性指数及物种丰富度均高于麦积区。     

Effects of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in lung tissues of rats with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-infected rat lung tissues and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups:blank control group, model group, Jiedu-Qingfei group and positive control group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in experimental groups were slowly dripped with 1×10⁹ CFU/L MP solution into their nostrils for 4 d. One rat in each group was sacrificed for MP nucleic acid detection at the second day after inoculation, and the other rats were given gavage therapy. The rats in blank control group and model group were intragastrically given the same volume of normal saline, the rats in Jiedu-Qingfei group were given 8 mL/kg Jiedu-Qingfei mixture daily for 4 weeks, and the rats in psoitive control group were given dexmethasone sodium phosphate (0.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). After the experiment, the rats were killed. The serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for detecting the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-13 and TNF-α by ELISA. The right lung tissues were used for pathological observation and HE staining, while the left lung tissues were used to detect the expression of NF-κB p50, I-κBα and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) at mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: The results of MP nucleic acid detection showed that all the rats except blank control group were MP nucleic acid positive, indicating that the rat model of MP infection was successfully established. On the 1st day of the treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in model group and Jiedu-Qingfei group were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in mo-del group were significantly higher than those in blank control group and Jiedu-Qingfei group. The levels of IL-12 in the serum and BALF in model group were significantly lower than those in blank control group after MP infection (P<0.05), while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-13 and TNF-α in the serum and BALF of MP-infected rats were increased significantly, while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in model group were increased significantly (P<0.01). After treatment, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK were decreased significantly compared with model group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in control group. After treatment, the mRNA expression of I-κBα in Jiedu-Qingfei group was significantly higher than that in model group (P<0.05). The protein levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in the lung tissues of model group were significantly higher than those of blank control group. After treatment, the protein expression of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK was decreased significantly. The protein level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in blank control group, and after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture, the protein expression level of I-κBα was increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Jiedu-Qingfei mixture may attenuate lung tissue inflammation caused by MP through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways.     

主成分分析及隶属函数法评价非洲菊不同品种对低温弱光的适应性

以贵阳地区栽培的13个非洲菊品种为供试材料,研究冬春季节低温弱光对非洲菊不同品种叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素、游离脯氨酸、总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、丙二醛和质膜透性等生理生化指标的影响,利用主成分分析法、模糊隶属函数法及聚类分析法对非洲菊不同品种进行耐低温弱光适应性综合评价。结果表明,丙二醛含量、总超氧化物歧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量等5个指标可作为非洲菊耐低温弱光性的评价鉴定指标。13个非洲菊品种的耐低温弱光性依次为:秋日、娇艳>阳光海岸、大088、白马王子>缤纷>鸿运、红色妖姬>红极星、贵族>玲珑、靓粉、蜜糖。     

氮肥与密度互作对单粒精播花生根系形态、植株性状及产量的影响

为明确花生单粒精播适宜的氮肥水平和种植密度,本研究于2018年和2019年以‘花育22’为供试花生品种,设置3个氮肥水平(0 kg hm~(–2), N0; 60 kg hm~(–2), N1; 120 kg hm~(–2), N2), 3个种植密度(7.93万株hm~(–2), D1; 15.86万株hm~(–2),D2; 23.79万株hm~(–2), D3),采用二因素裂区试验设计,研究氮肥、密度及其互作对单粒精播花生根系形态、植株性状及产量的影响。氮肥对花生根长、根表面积、根体积、根干重的影响不显著,而密度的影响显著。单株根长、根表面积、根体积及根系干重随密度的增加而降低, D1显著高于D2和D3, D2、D3处理间差异不显著;单位面积根长、根表面积、根体积及根系干重随密度的增加而增加, D1显著低于D2和D3, D2、D3处理间差异不显著。氮肥和密度互作对2019年收获期单位面积根长、根表面积的影响显著,与D1相比, N1处理下D3的增幅显著高于N0和N2处理。氮肥及氮肥与密度互作对植株性状的影响存在年度和时期间的差异,主茎叶片数、侧枝数和主茎第一节间粗随密度增加有降低趋势。氮肥对荚果产量的影响不显著,荚果产量随密度的增加呈增加的趋势。产量与根体积、根干重、主茎叶片数、主茎高及侧枝长呈显著正相关。综上所述,在本试验条件下,花生单粒精播适宜的氮肥(N)水平为60 kg hm~(-2),种植密度为18.8万株hm~(-2)。     

农业科技期刊栏目学术影响力的评价—以《热带作物学报》为例

根据中国知网中检索《热带作物学报》2010~2014年发表论文的关键词词频、被引频次、下载频次、论文作者等数据统计栏目篇被引频次、下载频次和影响因子情况，分析农业科技期刊栏目的学术影响力。结果表明：2010~2014年《热带作物学报》文章涉及的主要热带作物为橡胶树、木薯、甘蔗、香蕉、水稻、荔枝、龙眼、芒果和番木瓜等；论文内容涵盖作物营养、栽培与遗传育种，植物生理生化，生物技术与组织培养，作物病虫害及其防治、环境保护，农产品加工与分析检测、综述等6个栏目，其中综述栏目的影响因子最高，发表论文较多的作者文章均属于生物技术栏目。综合上述分析结果，提出了策划精品栏目、加强编辑栏目组稿、针对综述栏目约稿、开辟学术探讨窗口、借助新媒体打造栏目特色等建议，以体现本刊的专业特色和刊物宗旨，将成为读者阅读的向导和作者撰稿的指南。     

黑龙江省农业高校科技信息服务协同模式探索

黑龙江省农业高校为现代化大农业建设做出了巨大贡献,创新和完善了以农技推广中心、国营农场、农业合作组织为纽带的科技信息服务协同模式。通过对技术产品研发、培训教育和技术咨询等服务内容的研究,分析其采用项目带动、典型示范、科教培训、技术入股、教育网络联盟的多元结合方式,并在基础环境、业务制度、组织人才和资金等方面采取了有力的保障措施。