Incentive for shifts in water management systems by shrimp culturists in southern Thailand

ABSTRACT:   Water management systems and other business situations of shrimp culturists were surveyed in two districts in southern Thailand. There were three types of water management systems in southern Thailand, namely closed, semiclosed and open systems, categorized by the frequency of exchange of pond water. Shrimp culturists in those districts tended to shift their system from the open system to the closed system of their own accord, and the average net income ratio decreased due to the change of water management system in a district from more than 2 to less than 1. The reason for this shift, in spite of the decrease in the profit rate, was prevention of infectious disease caused by water exchange. In conclusion, it was proven that independent shrimp culturists, such as medium and small scale shrimp pond owners in southern Thailand, would accept short-term decreases in profit rate in order to stabilize production.     

株1S系列组合产量及农艺性状的关系研究

温敏核不育系株1S是育种上广泛应用的优良早籼型水稻不育系,1999年通过湖南省品种审定委员会审定。自审定以来,以其为母本所配组合在湖南省区域试验早稻组中占有很大的比重。一大批组合通过审定,并在湖南省及南方各省区得到大面积推广,产生了良好的经济、社会和生态效益。本文通过对历年湖南省区域试验中株1S系列组合信息的收集和整理,对其产量性状、农艺性状等进行了相关分析,为选育高产优质的理想株型品种和合理的栽培措施提供参考依据和理论支撑。早中熟品种产量与米质、感病性显著负相关。     

Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Monogalactosyl Diacylglycerols and a Monoacylglycerol from the Edible Brown Seaweed Fucus spiralis Linnaeus

A monoacylglycerol (1) and a 1:1 mixture of two monogalactosyl diacylglycerols (MGDGs) (2 and 3) were isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus spiralis Linnaeus. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means (NMR and MS) and by comparison with the literature. Compound 1 was composed of a glycerol moiety linked to oleic acid (C18:1 Ω9). Compounds 2 and 3 contained a glycerol moiety linked to a galactose unit and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 Ω3) combined with octadecatetraenoic acid (C18:4 Ω3) or linolenic acid (C18:3 Ω3), respectively. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. All of them inhibited NO production at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The fraction consisting of compounds 2 and 3, in a ratio of 1:1, was slightly more effective than compound 1 (IC₅₀ of 60.06 and 65.70 µg/mL, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first report of these compounds from F. spiralis and on their anti-inflammatory capacity.     

Nano- and Microdelivery Systems for Marine Bioactive Lipids

There is an increasing body of evidence of the positive impact of several marine lipids on human health. These compounds, which include ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, have been shown to improve blood lipid profiles and exert anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. The high instability of these compounds to oxidative deterioration and their hydrophobicity have a drastic impact in their pharmacokinetics. Thus, the bioavailability of these compounds may be affected, resulting in their inability to reach the target sites at effective concentrations. In this regard; micro/nanoparticles can offer a wide range of solutions that can prevent the degradation of targeted molecules, increase their absorption, uptake and bioavailability. In this work we will present the options currently available concerning micro- and nanodelivery systems for marine lipids; with emphasis on micro/nanoparticles; such as micro/nanocapsules and emulsions. A wide range of bottom-up approaches using casein, chitosan, cyclodextrins, among others; will be discussed.     

Action of Clathrodin and Analogues on Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

Clathrodin is a marine alkaloid and believed to be a modulator of voltage-gated sodium (Na_V ) channels. Since there is an urgent need for small molecule Na_V channel ligands as novel therapeutics, clathrodin could represent an interesting lead compound. Therefore, clathrodin was reinvestigated for its potency and Na_V channel subtype selectivity. Clathrodin and its synthetic analogues were subjected to screening on a broad range of Na_V channel isoforms, both in voltage clamp and patch clamp conditions. Even though clathrodin was not found to exert any activity, some analogues were capable of modulating the Na_V channels, hereby validating the pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole alkaloid structure as a core structure for future small molecule-based Na_V channel modulators.     

Allele Types of Rc Gene of Weedy Rice from Jiangsu Province,China

Weedy rice(Oryza sativa f. spontanea), the predominant type of which has a red pericarp, seriously inhibits growth and yield of direct-seeded rice in Jiangsu Province, China. In this study, we randomly selected 10 weedy rice accessions from 10 plots in Jiangsu, and then sequenced the full lengths of their Rc genes(approximately 6.4 kb). In addition, we collected 166 different full-length Rc genes in the Oryza genus from the literature and from GenBank. A collinearity sequence analysis showed that the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu all had the same wild-type allele of the Rc gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms indicated that the nucleotide polymorphisms(π = 0.19) and the proportion of segregation sites(θw = 0.28) of the Rc genes in the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were higher than those in 56 weedy rice accessions from USA(π = 0.09 and θw = 0.07). Haplotype and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Rc genes of weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were not revertants of the rc gene found in Asian cultivated rice(O. sativa) varieties with white pericarp. In addition, Rc gene sequences of the rice varieties Lvdao from Lianyungang, Jiangsu and Tangdao from Anhui were more similar to those of cultivated rice than to the weedy rice from Jiangsu. These findings support the continued quarantine of weedy rice and clarify the evolutionary mechanism of the red pericarp found in the weedy rice of Jiangsu.     

台湾金线莲细胞悬浮培养及其培养条件优化的研究

[目的]研究台湾金线莲细胞悬浮培养B5培养基的配方.[方法]以新鲜叶片为材料,经过初代培养、固体培养和继代培养,建立悬浮细胞培养体系,正交设计试验优化培养基配方.[结果]B5培养基中,影响悬浮培养因素的大小依次为大量元素浓度、6-BA、2,4-D、蔗糖、IAA.[结论]选用2％蔗糖、0.5 mg/L 6-BA、0.2 mg/L IAA、0.6 mg/L 2,4-D、1/2浓度大量元素的B5培养基培养悬浮细胞,15 d后吸光度达4.425.     

基于GIS的云南省勐海县耕地地力评价与分析

以云南勐海县为研究对象,以ArcGIS软件为平台,以DEM分析、栅格计算和空间插值等空间分析技术为核心,结合德尔菲法、层次分析法、模糊隶属度函数和耕地生产性能综合指数(IFI)等方法,确立该县耕地地力的主要影响因子及其权重,建立综合评价体系及其空间计算模型,并对综合评价结果做出分析。研究结果表明,勐海县51 575.73 hm2的耕地分为6个等级,一至六级耕地分别占总耕地的14.12%、27.40%、20.17%、17.23%、12.70%、8.38%。勐海县三级以上高质量耕地占60%以上,耕地地力总体情况良好,大力提升三级及其以下耕地的耕作能力是改善本地区耕地质量的主要途径。