水培条件下钾对大蒜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响

以‘金乡白皮蒜’为试材,采用设施水培探讨了不同K+浓度对大蒜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响。结果表明:钾可显著增加大蒜幼苗生长量及根系活力;当营养液K+浓度为6.0mmol/L时,大蒜幼苗叶长、叶宽、假茎高、假茎粗、根长及根系活力最大,绿叶数及根系数最多,大蒜幼苗叶片、假茎、鳞茎及根系干、鲜重也最大,较不施钾处理干重分别增加133.91%、167.22%、146.31%和116.74%,鲜重分别提高168.34%2、43.18%、153.24%和128.78%。     

栎黄枯叶蛾对沙棘林的危害及生物学特性

栎黄枯叶蛾(Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang)是近年在沙棘林中大面积暴发的一种食叶害虫,以幼虫取食叶片,导致沙棘长势衰弱甚至死亡.本文采用野外调查和室内饲养观察相结合的方法对该虫的为害程度、形态特征、生活史、生物学特性等进行研究.结果表明:在陕西吴起,栎黄枯叶蛾为害严重,被害株率达到92.36％,枯死率达到6.45％,平均虫口密度为8.3头/株.该虫1年发生1代,以卵在茧表面、枝条及叶片等处越冬;翌年5月中下旬开始孵化,7月下旬开始结茧化蛹,蛹期平均(24.5±3.1)d;成虫始见于8月下旬,终见于9月下旬,羽化高峰期为9月上旬.成虫羽化主要集中在17:00-23:00,整个过程持续40～80 min;羽化后无需补充营养,至第2日方能交配产卵,交配时间为凌晨1:00-5:00,高峰期为3:00-4:00左右;雌虫只交配1次,雄虫可多次交配.成虫寿命为6～13 d.雌虫交尾后即可产卵,平均产卵量可达297粒.栎黄枯叶蛾生物学特性的系统研究,为其控制措施的制定提供了科学依据.     

武陵山脉七曜山区大型真菌资源调查

报道了武陵山脉七曜山区大型真菌资源126种,其中食、药用菌105种、毒菌7种,隶属于2亚门9目30科61属.调查发现,该地区大型真菌种类分布于阔叶林中有74种, 针阔混交林中有39种,针叶林中有35种,灌木林中有17种.已调查的大型真菌资源中有外生菌根菌69种,木生菌32种.-     

Use of real-time PCR to examine the relationship between disease severity in pea and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphanomyces euteiches</Emphasis> DNA content in roots

Aphanomyces euteiches causes severe root rot of peas. Resistance is limited in commercial pea cultivars. Real-time fluorescent PCR assay specific for A. euteiches was used to study the relationship between disease severity and pathogen DNA content in infected peas. Five pea genotypes ranging in levels of resistance were inoculated with five isolates of A. euteiches. Plants were visually rated for disease development and the amount of pathogen DNA in roots was determined using the PCR assay. The susceptible genotypes Genie, DSP and Bolero tended to have significantly more disease and more pathogen DNA than the resistant genotypes 90-2079 and PI 180693. PI 180693 consistently had less disease, while 90-2079 had the lowest amount of pathogen DNA. The Spearman correlation between pathogen DNA quantity and disease development was positive and significant (P < 0.05) for three isolates, but was not significant for two other isolates. This suggests that the real-time PCR assay may have limited application as a selection tool for resistance in pea to A. euteiches. Its utility as a selection tool would be dependent on the correlation between disease development and pathogen DNA content for a given pathogen isolate. The accuracy and specificity of the real-time PCR assay suggests considerable application for the assay in the study of mechanisms of disease resistance and the study of microbial population dynamics in plants.     

利用小卷蛾线虫防治栗雪片象

利用小卷蛾线虫防治栗雪片象殷坤（陕西省商南县植保植检站,商南７２６３００）ＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＮＩＰＨＡＤＥＳＣＡＳＴＡＮＥＡＷＩＴＨＳＴＥＩＮＥＲＮＥＭＡＣＡＲＰＯＣＡＰＳＡＥＹＩＮＫｕｎ（ＳｈａｎｇｎａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ...     

基于推拉理论的高校毕业生就业驱动机制研究

引入推拉理论分析了其在高校毕业生就业驱动机制中的适用性,并在剖析高校毕业生就业过程参与主体的基础上,从政府-高校-毕业生、政府-高校-劳动力市场、政府-毕业生-劳动力市场和高校-毕业生-劳动力市场等四个三维驱动系统分析,得出高校毕业生的就业,除了毕业生自身提高就业能力外,要构建毕业生、高校、政府、劳动力市场四位一体的就业驱动机制。     

安徽发现草地贪夜蛾为害早播小麦

2019年5月17日,在安徽省黄山市黄山区发现草地贪夜蛾为害春玉米,首次证实草地贪夜蛾入侵安徽,截至8月25日全省16市全部见虫。2019年10月22日,淮南市寿县窑口镇早播小麦田发现疑似该虫为害,经鉴定,确认为草地贪夜蛾。调查发现,全田均可见该虫为害状,百株被害率最高达84.21%,每平方米最高虫量43头。调查提示,入侵安徽的草地贪夜蛾种群可取食为害小麦,应加强其在麦田发生情况的监测。     

关键环境因子对桃小食心虫出土羽化动态的影响

为明确有效积温、土壤含水量对桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii Matsumura出土羽化的影响,在室内控制土壤温、湿度的条件下测定了越冬代和第1代各生命阶段的有效积温,于2010—2015年在山西省临县枣园对越冬幼虫和成虫动态进行调查,并对田间土壤温度和含水量进行系统监测。结果表明:桃小食心虫室内越冬幼虫出土积温为258.2日度;而受5月份首次有效降雨日的影响,田间出土积温存在384.2~764.6日度的年度变化。土壤含水量对越冬幼虫出土模式及出土率有显著影响。持续干旱或土壤高湿均可导致双峰现象,土壤高湿的频繁出现还可显著降低幼虫出土率。通过6年田间监测数据的分析表明,越冬幼虫首现日与有效降雨日无显著相关性,而首现日有效积温(y)与降雨日有效积温(x)呈极显著正相关,回归方程为y=0.7758x+188.16(r=0.997,P0.001)。     

夏闲期种植不同绿肥作物对土壤养分及冬小麦产量的影响

为探明种植绿肥作物对关中土壤肥力及冬小麦产量的影响效果,在夏闲期种植光叶苕子（Vicia villosa Rothvar）、毛叶苕子（Vicia villosa Roth）、紫云英（Astragalus sinicus）和草木樨（Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.）等四种绿肥作物,以免耕休闲为对照,分析了冬小麦主要生育时期的土壤速效养分动态变化及其产量效应。结果表明,夏闲期种植绿肥的土壤速效磷、速效钾和碱解氮都有不同程度的提高,增加量主要受绿肥的养分含量以及生物量影响。与对照相比,种植并翻压光叶苕子、毛叶苕子、紫云英和草木樨,均可显著提高冬小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,冬小麦依次增产21.1%（P＜0.05）、24.3%（P＜0.05）、6.0%和11.6%。     

Capsid protein sequence gene analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apple mosaic virus</Emphasis> infecting pears

Apple mosaic virus (ApMV, genus Ilarvirus) was detected in pears, a previously non-reported virus host. No symptoms were visible on the hosts leaves. Seventeen out of 22 randomly selected pear trees in Italy (Lombardy) and in three regions in the Czech Republic were ApMV-infected. All nine newly sequenced ApMV isolates from pears had a 15-nucleotide insertion in the capsid protein gene in identical position of that of apple isolates compared with isolates from hop and prunes. The insertion is the most prominent (but not essential) modification of the capsid protein gene, which results in a phylogenetic separation of ApMV isolates into three clusters. Sequence analysis data of an additional 15 isolates revealed a sequence correlation with kernelled fruit trees (apple and pear).