葡萄根系分泌物的化感效应及化感物质的分离鉴定

采用室内组培苗（‘晚红’葡萄,Vitis vinifera L.‘Red Globe’）和室外盆栽苗（‘贝达’葡萄, V. riparia × V. labrusca‘Beta’）,研究了葡萄根系分泌物的化感效应,并利用LC-MS技术对根系分泌物中的化感物质进行了分离鉴定。室内试验表明：0.01、0.10、0.50 g ∙ mL-1（根系干质量/培养基体积）浓度的根系分泌物显著抑制葡萄组培苗的生长,浓度越高抑制作用越强。盆栽试验显示葡萄根系分泌物在低浓度的情况下促进植株生长,叶片可溶性糖、淀粉及蛋白质含量增加,苯丙氨酸解氨酸（PAL）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性与对照差异不显著,丙二醛（MDA）含量减少;而在高浓度的情况下植株生长抑制显著,PAL和SOD活性被激活,分别比对照提高了69.16%和10.35%,MDA含量增加。LC-MS检测结果确定葡萄根系分泌物中含有对羟基苯甲酸和水杨酸两种酚酸类物质,推断含有软脂酸、1–二十一醇、柠檬酸、乌头酸、β–谷甾醇、邻苯二甲酸和没食子酸。采用‘山河二号’葡萄（V. amurensis × V. riparia ‘Shanhe 2’）组培苗检测证明对羟基苯甲酸和水杨酸对葡萄具有显著的化感抑制作用。     

Osteological development and anomalies in larval stage of hatchery‐reared yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Comprehensive knowledge of osteological development of fish not only provides means for understanding its functional development, but also allows early detection of skeletal anomalies. The present study was conducted to determine osteological development and occurrence of anomalies from the first to the 40th day after hatching (DAH) for yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, a commercially important species in China. Vertebral ontogeny started with formation of anterior neural arches at 3 DAH, and completed at 6 DAH. Vertebral centra started to develop at 4 DAH and ossification in all centra was visible at 15 DAH. Caudal fin appeared at 2 DAH and ossification was visible at 26 DAH. The onset of dorsal and anal fins appeared at 4 DAH and their ossifications were visible at 20 DAH. Pectoral fins were present before first feeding and formed entirely at 9 DAH, and their ossifications were visible at 21 DAH. Pelvic fins appeared at 9 DAH, and formed completely at 21 DAH. The ossification of pelvic fins was not finished until the end of the experiment (40 DAH). 24 types of skeletal anomalies were observed. About 20% of individuals showed at least one anomaly. Haemal vertebrae anomalies occurred at the highest frequency, followed by pre‐haemal, caudal vertebrae and anal fin anomalies, and caudal fin had the lowest anomalies frequency. For the first time, our study determined osteological development and anomalies incidence in larval yellow catfish, which help further investigations into rearing conditions leading to appearance of these anomalies to prevent their incidence.     

寄生小蜂对小青×黑杨树皮及杨圆蚧挥发油的行为反应

Four-armed airflow olfactometer was used to determining the foraging behavior ofPteroptrix longgiclava (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) andEncarsia gigas (Tshumakova) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) to the essential oils which emitted from the healthy bark ofPopulus pseudo-simonii×P. nigra, the infested bark injured byQuadraspidiotus gigas (Thiem & Gerneck), the body and scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph ofQ. gigas. The results from these experiments showed that the volatile oils produced from the injured bark and from the scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph had a higher attractive ability to female adults of the two species of wasps. The essential oil produced from the scale of the pest at dosages of 3–7 μL and the essential oil emitted by injured bark at dosages of 5–9 μL had a stronger alluring effect on the host searching behavior ofPteroptrix longgiclava. The essential oil from the body of fixed 1st-instar-nymph ofQ. gigas also had certain effect on the host locating effort ofPteroptrix longgiclava andEncarsia gigas. Those two wasps did not shown any reaction to the essential oil produced by the healthy bark of poplar. Foundation item: This paper was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (39970620) and the “TRAPOYT” Biography: CHI De-fu (1962-), male, Ph.D., Professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

高等学校与科研院所合并为我校图书馆全面发展提供了新的机遇

论述了西北农林科技大学图书馆抓住合并机遇,大胆进行改革。积极探索高等院校图书馆与科研院所图书馆合并的新模式。以“整合提高”为抓手,优化资源配置;实行科学化管理,规范化服务;根据学枝定位。进行科学规划;确立文献资源建设指导思想,形成特色馆藏体系;开展面向社会的信息服务。5年来．办馆条件实现了跨越式发展,图书馆数字化程度进一步提升,人员素质不断提高。为产学研结合、全面开创信息服务工作的新局面做出了贡献。     

SMD残留检测的ELISA方法的建立和初步应用

用戊二醛法将SMD与载体蛋白BSA偶联 ,制备合成抗原SMD BSA作免疫原 ,同法合成包被抗原SMD OVA ,免疫健康家兔获得抗血清。分别用双向琼脂扩散试验和ELISA试验对抗血清进行定性定量测定 ,结果表明所获抗血清特异性针对SMD。用所制备的抗血清建立间接竞争ELISA方法。优化了ELISA的工作条件 ,方阵测定确定了包被抗原最佳浓度 (50 μg/mL) ,抗血清最佳稀释度 (1∶1 0 0 ) ,酶标抗体的最适工作稀释度 (1∶50 0 ) ,并建立了ELISA标准工作曲线。工作曲线表明在 1 0～ 2 0 0 0 μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系。该法检测底限为 63μg/L,低于国际规定残留限量 (1 0 0 μg/kg)和国内规定残留限量 (30 0 μg/kg)的要求。本法同时测定了回收率以及实际样品血清中的SMD的残留含量     

生长猪大米蛋白消化能、代谢能的评定及预测模型研究

本试验通过采集我国多个地区大米蛋白样品,分析大米蛋白常规成分,测定生长猪消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME),建立大米蛋白常规成分与生长猪DE、ME之间的关系。试验选用体重(33.0±1.3)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交健康去势公猪12头,采用2个6×6拉丁方试验设计,包括1种基础饲粮和11种大米蛋白替代15%基础饲粮的试验饲粮。采用全收粪法和套算法结合测定大米蛋白猪DE、ME,并将大米蛋白的常规成分与猪DE、ME进行相关和回归分析,建立大米蛋白猪DE、ME预测模型。结果表明,11种大米蛋白风干基础下猪DE为(18.13±1.12)M J/kg,M E为(16.44±1.59)M J/kg。由此得出,大米蛋白猪DE最佳预测模型(绝干基础)为DE=22.17-0.51NDF(R2=0.50,RSD=0.93),DE=18.58-0.49 CF+0.31 EE(R2=0.70,RSD=0.77);M E最佳预测模型(绝干基础)为ME=21.42-0.74 NDF(R2=0.52,RSD=1.30)。NDF为大米蛋白猪DE、M E最佳预测因子。     

甜玉米品质遗传改良研究进展

甜玉米为具有果蔬和谷物特征的新型农作物,其营养丰富,适口性好,受到国内外消费者和科研人员的广泛关注。甜玉米含淀粉合成缺陷基因,糖类在胚乳中大量积累,是鲜食玉米主要类型之一。根据缺陷基因的不同,甜玉米可分为普甜玉米、超甜玉米和加强甜玉米等类型,不同类型间食味品质和营养品质差异较大。甜度、爽脆度、果皮厚度、风味等是甜玉米的主要食用品质特性,这些性状受微效多基因控制,其遗传研究及育种改良应用均面临很大挑战。目前,甜玉米品质相关的研究取得了一定进展,研究者对甜玉米食味品质（含糖量、果皮厚度等）和营养品质（维生素、矿物元素、蛋白含量等）的主要评价指标进行鉴定和分析,获得了大量研究成果,主要集中在表型变异、遗传力、QTL 位点、候选基因等层面。这些研究的开展为甜玉米营养改良提供了重要的理论和分子基础。对甜玉米品质相关（包括甜玉米形成的遗传基础、维生素 E、果皮厚度、锌含量、玉米黄质和蛋白质含量）的国内外研究进展进行综述,并探讨了甜玉米遗传改良的发展方向,为甜玉米品质改良和优质品种培育提供理论依据。     

奶牛亚急性瘤胃酸中毒（SARA）的易感因素及其对瘤胃功能的影响

在奶牛养殖中,亚急性瘤胃酸中毒（subacute ruminal acidosis,SARA）是一种高发的营养代谢病。随着我国奶牛养殖集约化程度的提高,为提升奶牛生产性能饲喂大量高能谷物饲料极易诱发SARA,导致瘤胃液pH值降低,瘤胃菌群发生改变,瘤胃上皮黏膜层受损,进而影响瘤胃代谢功能。分析了奶牛不同生理阶段、择食行为以及个体差异等SARA的易感因素,探讨了SARA对奶牛瘤胃菌群变化、瘤胃上皮细胞基因表达、瘤胃屏障功能的影响,以期为阐明SARA造成瘤胃功能损伤的机制、降低奶牛发生SARA的风险提供参考。     

油菜基质块苗移栽机取苗装置设计与试验

针对现有油菜基质块苗取苗装置在取苗过程易脱苗和基质损失率高等问题,设计了一种往复夹取式取苗装置。根据垂直苗盘取苗、平行铅垂线投苗的取苗臂位置要求,确定了取苗装置各构件尺寸关系,构建了取苗臂的运动学模型,得出其位移方程及相对运动轨迹。以减小取苗轨迹水平间距及取苗轨迹高度为优化目标,基于Matlab软件优化取苗装置各构件参数为：主动杆长度75.10mm,取苗臂长度335.26mm,从动杆长度100.42mm,机架长度171.32mm,该参数组合下,取苗轨迹水平间距为173.20mm,取苗轨迹高度为29.56mm。构建了取苗回程苗块的动力学模型,分析了苗块临界脱苗方程,结合苗块力学特性参数测定试验,得出最小取苗夹持力为7.07N,确定了末端执行器气缸缸径为20mm。应用ADAMS软件获得仿真取苗轨迹,运用高速摄影技术测定实际取苗轨迹高度和取苗轨迹水平间距,经对比分析,实际值与理论值、仿真值的相对误差均小于3%,验证了取苗装置设计的合理性。台架试验表明,取苗成功率为93.33%,脱苗率为2.86%,基质损失率为3.75%,满足油菜基质块苗移栽要求。     

脱水青胡椒粉风味成分的研究

采用固相微萃取采集40目、60目和80目3种不同脱水青胡椒粉的挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱法分析鉴定,并用总离子流色谱峰的峰面积进行归一化定量分析其风味成分,共鉴定出石竹烯(18.43%~30.07%)、3-蒈烯(17.32%~21.84%)、β-派烯(7.61%~15.21%)、柠檬烯(3.28%~14.77%)、α-派烯(4.39%~9.61%)、石竹烯氧化物(2.13%~6.20%)、δ-榄香烯(3.32%~4.96%)和可巴烯(2.01%~2.63%)等34种化合物,而且脱水青胡椒粉粹程度越大,其挥发性成分中3-蒈烯和可巴烯的含量越大。