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71.
Twenty-two buffalo bulls suffering from three different types of infertility were slaughtered and used for this study. Except for the reproductive system, no signs of localised or generalised disease were observed. Microbiological investigations were negative for brucellosis, vibriosis, mycoplasma and other non-specific microorganisms. Nine bulls with type 1 infertility had low bodyweights and underdevelopment of testes, accessory sex glands and endocrine glands. This picture suggests a total dysfunction of the pituitary-growth-gonadal axis. One bull of this type also showed bilateral epididymitis. Four out of 11 bulls with type 2 infertility had low bodyweights and most suffered from underdevelopment of testes, accessory sex glands and endocrine glands. Six bulls of this type had lesions of either epididymitis or orchitis or both. Two of these animals showed adhesions of periorchitis. One also showed seminal vesiculitis. In two bulls with type 3 infertility, bodyweights, reproductive organs and endocrine glands were normal. In later life, they yielded poor quality semen. Semen samples collected a few months before slaughter from nine bulls with type 2 and type 3 infertility were of poor quality and had higher percentages of abnormal spermatozoa in most cases. 相似文献
72.
The increasing concentration of cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soil has resulted in crop productivity loss. The activation of the antioxidative enzyme system and its synergy with sulphur assimilation may be required as one of the mechanisms for the alleviation of the effects of Cd. In the present study the activities of antioxidative enzymes and sulphur assimilation were studied in Cd‐treated wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars to assess their involvement in determining yield potential. The cultivar WH542 (low yielding type) accumulated Cd to a greater amount in both root and leaf, and also exhibited higher contents of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and the activity of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) than cultivar PBW343 (high yielding type). The activities of other antioxidative enzymes, catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), activity of ATP‐sulfurylase (EC 2.7.7.4), sulphur content, photosynthetic, growth and yield characteristics were higher in PBW343 than in WH542 in Cd treatment compared to the control. The results suggest that the efficient functioning of enzymes of the antioxidative system and sulphur assimilation helped in alleviating the effects of Cd in PBW343, protected photosynthetic ability and maintained high yielding potential of the cultivar. 相似文献
73.
Summary The adaptability and productivity of cool-season food legumes (chickpea, faba bean, lentil, pea) are limited by major abiotic
stresses including drought, heat, frost, chilling, waterlogging, salinity and mineral toxicities. The severity of these stresses
is unpredictable in field experiments, so field trials are increasingly supplemented with controlled-environment testing and
physiological screening. For drought testing, irrigation is used in dry fields and rain-out shelters in damp ones. Carbon
isotope discrimination (Δ13C) is a well-established screen for drought tolerance in C3 cereal crops which is now being validated for use in grain legumes,
but it is relatively expensive per sample and more economical methods include stomatal conductance and canopy temperature.
Chickpea lines ICC4958 and FLIP87-59C and faba bean line ILB938 have demonstrated good drought tolerance parameters in different
experiments. For frost tolerance, an efficient controlled-environment procedure involves exposing hardened pot-grown plants
to sub-zero temperatures. Faba beans Cote d’Or and BPL4628 as well as lentil ILL5865 have demonstrated good freezing tolerance
in such tests. Chilling-tolerance tests are more commonly conducted in the field and lentil line ILL1878 as well as derivatives
of interspecific crosses between chickpea and its wild relatives have repeatedly shown good results. The timing of chilling
is particularly important as temperatures which are not lethal to the plant can greatly disrupt fertilization of flowers.
Salinity response can be determined using hydroponic methods with a sand or gravel substrate and rapid, efficient scoring
is based on leaf symptoms. Many lines of chickpea, faba bean and lentil have shown good salinity tolerance in a single article
but none has become a benchmark. Waterlogging tolerance can be evaluated using paired hydroponic systems, one oxygenated and
the other de-oxygenated. The development of lysigenous cavities or aerenchyma in roots, common in warm-season legumes, is
reported in pea and lentil but is not well established in chickpea or faba bean. Many stresses are associated with oxidative
damage leading to changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, membrane stability and peroxidase levels. An additional factor relevant
to the legumes is the response of the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria to the stress. 相似文献
74.
Summary Studies on genetic diversity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) indicated the existence of considerable amount of variation for grain yield and its components in the material. One hundred and thirty two genotypes fell into eight clusters. The covariation structure studied by means of factor analysis indicated the possibility of obtaining, through hybridization, genotypes physiologically and morphologically more efficient. Multivariate analysis of data from 7 parents and 21 F1 hybrids indicated weak correspondence between D2-analysis and canonical variate analysis. As there was no relationship between heterosis over midparent and genetic distance between the parents, so the traditional approach of making a large number of crosses is being suggested. 相似文献
75.
76.
Summary Two pairs of genes indicated by H
P
1 and H
A
2 appear to play a part in the genetic control of pubescence of leaves in the crosses of Pak51 x Empire Red leaf, L11 x Empire Red leaf, AC134 x Empire Red leaf, AC134 x Acala 1517D and L11 x Acala 1517 D. H
P
1 seems to induce hair of sufficient length and density and is completely dominant to h
p
1.H
A
2 allele, seems to induce hairiness but to a smaller degree. It acts additivily to H
P
1 giving profusely hairy plants.
H
P
1 gene is present in the local varieties Pak51, L11 and AC134 producing hair of such length and density as to confer jassid resistance in them. Compared with these, the exotic types viz., Empire Red leaf and Acala 1517D possess H
A
2 giving sparsely hairy plants.The exotic variety Deltapine Smooth leaf possesses another gene, E
A, which displays an epistatic effect on H
A
2 gene. The gene E
A has only a minor effect on the H
P
1.Apart from this, the presence of certain intensifying or modifying genes seem to affect the density and length of hair resulting in deviations even in individual groups.M. Sc. Student, Professor and Head, and Reader, respectively of the Dept. of Plant Breeding and Genetics. 相似文献
77.
Theoretical fundamentals and experimental methods to study the strength of water-stable bonds in soil aggregates are discussed. The strength of water-stable aggregates characterized by cohesion is proved to be one of the important structural and mechanical properties of soil. The regular variation of this parameter inthe soils under study is related to the content of humus and physical clay. 相似文献
78.
Wafo P Kamdem RS Ali Z Anjum S Begum A Oluyemisi OO Khan SN Ngadjui BT Etoa XF Choudhary MI 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(4):642-646
A new diterpenoid, 15-angeloyloxy-16,17-epoxy-19-kauronic acid (1), along with five known metabolites, 16-kauren-19-oic acid (2), 6′-hydroxy-2′,3′,4,4′-tetramethoxychalcone (3), isosakuranetin (4), acacetin (5), and kaempferide (6) was isolated from the organic extracts of the roots of Chromoleana odorata. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic evidences. The structures of 1 and 2 were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compound 2 exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. 相似文献
79.
Nisar M Kaleem WA Khan I Adhikari A Khan N Shah MR Khan IA Qayum M Samiullah Ismail M Aman A 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(7):1008-1011
Zizyphus oxyphylla Edgew is used in Pakistan as a folk medicinal remedy for inflammatory conditions, pains especially rheumatic pain, fevers, allergy and diabetes. The aim of the current study was to scientifically validate the folk use of Z. oxyphylla Edgew by using the isolated compound in vitro and in vivo levels. Kushecarpin A was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of the plant crude extract. Molecular docking simulations predicted Kushecarpin A as a potential new lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor. Kushecarpin A showed significant lipoxygenase inhibition (IC50: 7.2 ± 0.02 μM) thus validated computational prediction. It also exhibited significant and highly significant inhibition (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) of carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema at the doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. Kushecarpin A seems to be a potentially new anti-inflammatory compound responsible for anti-inflammatory activities of Z. oxyphylla Edgew. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory inflammatory activities were found in good agreement with the folk medicinal use of Z. oxyphylla Edgew in inflammatory disorders. 相似文献
80.
Fluconazole resistance is becoming an important clinical concern. We studied the in vitro effects of cinnamaldehyde against 18 fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates. MIC90 of cinnamaldehyde against different Candida isolates ranged 100–500 μg/ml. Growth and sensitivity of the organisms were significantly affected by cinnamaldehyde at different concentrations. The rapid irreversible action of this compound on fungal cells suggested membrane-located targets for its action. Insight studies to mechanism suggested that cinnamaldehyde exerts its antifungal activity by targeting sterol biosynthesis and plasma membrane ATPase activity. Inhibition of H+-ATPase leads to intracellular acidification and cell death. Toxicity against H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts was studied to exclude the possibility of further associated cytotoxicity. The observed selectively fungicidal characteristics against fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates signify a promising candidature of this essential oil as an antifungal agent in treatments for candidosis. 相似文献