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151.
Zahur AB Irshad H Hussain M Anjum R Khan MQ 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(Z1):19-22
Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious and have the potential to spread very rapidly irrespective of the national borders, causing serious economic losses. These diseases cause high morbidity and mortality in susceptible animal populations. Furthermore, the extent of their consequences may significantly affect the food security and national economics. In Pakistan, the main TADs include rinderpest, peste des petits ruminants, foot and mouth disease and avian influenza. In the present paper the status of these diseases in Pakistan is discussed. 相似文献
152.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of anaemia in rural Vietnam and to determine its risk factors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Vietnam, Nghe An Province. STUDY POPULATION: The total number of participants was 439. Of these participants, one was excluded from the study due to a mental disorder. Forty-seven did not participate in the test for parasites and 68 did not complete at least one of the questions. RESULTS: The prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin (Hb) <11.0 g dl(-1)) was 43.2% and of severe anaemia (Hb <8.0 g dl(-1)) was 0.5%. Taking iron tablets, the consumption of eggs and the preference for Western medicine significantly and positively correlated with Hb concentration in the pregnant women in a multiple regression analysis. Pregnancy duration and hookworm infestation significantly and negatively correlated with Hb concentration in the pregnant women. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anaemia in rural Vietnam has remained as high as that found in the national anaemia survey in 2000. The results of the present study could aid in the development of an iron-deficiency anaemia programme among pregnant women in rural Vietnam that emphasises iron supplementation, parasite control and improved diet, including the consumption of eggs. The programme's focus should be on women who prefer traditional medicine to Western medicine. 相似文献
153.
Shahid Hussain Muhammad Aamer Maqsood Zed Rengel Muhammad Khawar Khan 《Euphytica》2012,186(1):153-163
Estimating variation in grain mineral concentration and bioavailability in relation to grain yield and the year of cultivar
release is important for breeding wheat with increased content of bioavailable minerals. The grain yield and yield components,
grain phytate concentration, and concentration and bioavailability of minerals (zinc Zn, iron Fe and calcium Ca) in wheat
grains were estimated in 40 wheat cultivars released in Punjab (Pakistan) during the last five decades. Mean grain Zn and
Ca concentrations in current-cultivars were significantly lower (≥14%) than in obsolete cultivars released during the Green
Revolution (1965–1976). Much of this variation was related to increased grain weight in current-cultivars. There was a positive
correlation among minerals (r = 0.39 or higher, n = 40) and minerals with phytate in wheat grains (r = 0.38 or higher, n = 40). The tested cultivars varied widely in grain yield and grain phytate-to-mineral molar ratios (phytate:mineral). Compared
to obsolete cultivars, the current-cultivars had a higher phytate:mineral ratio in grains, indicating poor bioavailability
of minerals to humans. The study revealed a non-significant relationship between grain yield and phytate:mineral ratios in
grains. Therefore, breeding for lower phytate:mineral ratios in wheat grains can ensure increased mineral bioavailability
without significant reduction in the yield potential. Future breeding should be focused on developing new genotypes suitable
for mineral biofortification and with increased mineral bioavailability in grains. 相似文献
154.
M. Naeem Mohd. Idrees M. Masidur Alam Tariq Aftab M. Masroor A. Khan Moinuddin 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2012,38(2):106-113
Recently, brassinosteroids (BRs) have emerged as a new group of growth promoting phytohormones. 28-homobrassinolide (HBR) is one of the several brassinosteroids, the role of which in enhancing growth, productivity and quality of plants, via improving various physiological processes, has been established both under stress and normal conditions. Out of a large number of essential oil bearing plants, mint (Mentha arvensis L.) constitutes the most important source of therapeutic agents used in the alternative systems of medicine. The mint plant has marvelous medicinal and aromatic values. In view of enhancing yield and quality of this medicinally important plant, a pot experiment was conducted under natural conditions of net house. The study was aimed at exploring the effect of four concentrations of HBR (10?0, 10?8, 10?7 and 10?6 M) on the performance of mint with regard to physiological attributes, herbage yield, content and yield of essential oil, and active constituents at 100 and 120 days after planting. The foliar application of HBR enhanced physiological attributes, herbage yield and the yield and content of most of the active constituents (menthol, L-methone, isomenthone and menthyl acetate) of mint at both the stages, with 10?7 M concentration proving the best. However, the next higher concentration of HBR (10?6 M) exhibited no further increase in the values of the attributes studied. Rather, 10?6 M was slightly inferior to 10?7 M concentration; but it always proved significantly better than the control. 相似文献
155.
156.
M. Masidur Alam M. Naeem M. Idrees M. Masroor A. Khan Moinuddin 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(2):117-129
Exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) has vital impact on the growth and productivity of plants. Foliar application of selected PGRs, viz. indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN), thidiazuron (TDZ), gibberellic acid (GA3), salicylic acid (SA), homobrassinosteroids (HBR), and triacontanol (TRIA), were carried out in order to assess the effects on growth of two cultivars (Rosea and Alba) of Catharanthus roseus L. G. Don. The Rosea and Alba plants were sprayed with PGRs (10−7 M) at 60 days after planting (DAP). Shoot and root lengths, plant fresh and dry weights, leaf-area index, total chlorophyll and carotenoids content, net photosynthetic rate, nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase activities, and leaf essential nutrients (N, P, and K) were analyzed at 150 DAP while yield attributes and total alkaloids of leaves and roots, contents of vincristine and vinblastine alkaloids were measured at 210 DAP. The results showed that HBR significantly improved most of the growth attributes. Application of HBR, KIN, and GA3 resulted in the ameliorative effects on plant productivity, physiological and biochemical parameters as compared to the unsprayed (control) plants. The effect of TDZ was not significantly different than the control plants. GA3 application significantly increased the vincristine content (7.3%) while TDZ exhibited reduced vincristine content. The effect of other PGR was insignificant towards vincristine and vinblastine contents. The response of Rosea toward exogenous PGRs application was better than Alba in terms of crop productivity, physiological and biochemical parameters, and alkaloid production. 相似文献
157.
Hussain R Auon M Khan A Khan MZ Mahmood F Ur-Rehman S 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):477-481
Seroprevalence, clinical findings, and lesions of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in Beetal goats were recorded
during an outbreak. The overall seroprevalence of CCPP was 32.50%. Confirmation of Mycoplasma mycoides in serum was carried out using counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) technique. The highest CIE-positive cases were recorded
in the older goats (51.72%) as compared to young ones. Nasal swabs collected from 39 goats showing respiratory signs were
found positive for M. mycoides. The most consistent clinical findings were mild to severe cough, purulent nasal secretion, emaciation, dyspnea, increased
respiration rate, and pyrexia. Mortality due to CCPP was 9.17%. Consolidation of lungs exhibited the highest frequency (100%),
followed by alveolar exudation (90.90%) and pleural adhesion (72.72%). Among the microscopic lesions, septal peribronchiolar
fibrosis exhibited the highest frequency (81.81%), followed by fibrinous pleuritis (63.63%) and peribronchiolar cuffing of
mononuclear cells (54.54%) in lungs. From these results, it was concluded that CCPP under subtropical conditions has high
prevalence in Beetal goats and leads to significant mortality. 相似文献
158.
Cauda epididymal spermatozoa were obtained from testicles collected from abattoir(s). The pooled sperm samples were divided into four aliquots. Each aliquot was washed separately with the buffer of respective extender and finally extended with the four extenders viz. egg yolk–citrate (EYC), egg yolk–citrate–fructose (EYCF), Tris–citric acid–egg yolk–fructose (TCEYF) and egg yolk–Mcillvaine glucose (EYMG) and preserved at 4°C. The per cent sperm motility for EYC, EYCF, TCEYF and EYMG at 0 h was 50.83%, 56.67%, 75.00% and 31.67%, respectively, and at 72 h was 24.17% (EYC), 30.83% (EYCF), 51.67% (TCEYF) and 7.50% (EYMG). The corresponding figures for live sperm count at 0 h was 83.17%, 86.33%, 90.42% and 81.75% and at 72 h was 64.75%, 73.92%, 76.00% and 57.67%. The corresponding figures for mean per cent intact acrosome at 0 h was 95.33%, 95.50%, 90.92% and 97.25% and at 72 h was 86.17%, 83.92%, 77.58% and 86.33%. The sperm motility was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for TCEYF at different h of preservation from 0 h through 72 h. The sperm motility, live sperm count and per cent intact acrosome declined significantly (p < 0.05) with the advancement of storage time in all the four extenders. Our study concluded that TCEYF was best out of the extenders studied for preservation of cauda epididymal spermatozoa after double centrifugation and extension at 4°C up to 72 h of preservation. However, EYCF also has better potential for the preservation of cauda epididymal spermatozoa as viability was in close proximity and acrosomal integrity was higher compared with TCEYF extender. 相似文献
159.
Khalid Saifullah Khan Tanja Müller Jens Dyckmans Rainer Georg Joergensen 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(4):323-331
A pot experiment was carried out to monitor the recovery of a steaming-reduced microbial biomass (C, N, and P) and fungal
ergosterol by sucrose addition. The second objective was to investigate the recovery of a steaming-reduced microbial biomass
by white mustard (Sinapis alba) cultivation and its interactions with microbial residues, freshly formed from sucrose addition. Thirty days after steaming,
the soil microbial biomass C and N was still significantly reduced by 80%, leading to a rather constant microbial biomass
C/N ratio around 7 throughout the experiment. The steaming-induced decreases of microbial biomass P and ergosterol were only
roughly 50%, leading to a decrease in the microbial biomass C/P ratio and an increase in the ergosterol-to-microbial biomass
C ratio. Sucrose addition led to a 25% reduction in the ergosterol-to-microbial biomass C ratio. Mustard cultivation had significant
positive effects on microbial biomass C, N, P, and ergosterol, but the effects were smaller than those of sucrose addition.
Cultivating mustard had no significant effects on the C loss or on the incorporation of sucrose C into the microbial biomass.
In contrast, the application of sucrose led to a significant decrease in the mustard shoot biomass and especially in the mustard
root biomass. 相似文献
160.