西双版纳海巴戟炭疽病和病原菌分生孢子萌发、附着胞形成条件的研究

对西双版纳海巴戟炭疽病进行调查和病原菌鉴定。结果表明,海巴戟炭疽病周年发生,8月的发病率和病情指数最高,分别为40.76%和8.9。根据病原菌形态特征,将其鉴定为瓜类炭疽菌［Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. &; Mont)］。有关温度、pH、光照和碳源对病原菌孢子萌发和附着胞形成影响的研究显示,20～35 ℃,海巴戟炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发率高,20 ℃是形成附着胞的最适温度;最适合海巴戟炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发和形成附着胞的pH为4～8;在日光灯连续光照、12 h光暗交替和自然光照射条件下分生孢子萌发率在90%以上,光照对此病原菌附着胞形成的影响差异不大;1%葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、D果糖和α 乳糖溶液中孢子萌发率都不高。     

陕西关中东部棉花抗旱品种农艺节水综合技术研究

按照生态农业理论和抗旱节水技术要求,对棉花抗旱品种、不同密度、不同基肥N、P的施用量进行田间综合试验,采用正交设计法。3年试验研究结果表明:密度以每公顷种植7.5万株比4.5万株、6万株平均增产671.85kg、483.30kg,增产57.49%和41.36%。品种陕402(早熟)、陕576(中早熟)分别比中棉所19(中熟)增产16.62%和16.17%,具有较强抗旱性。磷酸二铵比尿素增产作用明显,每公顷施150、225kg分别增产11.35%和10.53%。     

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of new Newcastle disease virus isolates from the mainland of China

Seventy-nine velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were obtained from infected chicken flocks during the outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) in various regions of the mainland of China in 2006. The F gene fragment (535 bp, from nt 47 to 581 of the F gene) which codes the main functional region of the F protein was obtained by RT-PCR and sequenced. All sequences obtained in this study have been submitted to GenBank. All the isolates have the motif ¹¹²R-R-Q/R-K/R-R-F¹¹⁷ at the cleavage site of the fusion protein, which is typical of velogenic NDV isolates. For genotyping, a phylogenetic tree based on nucleotides 47–435 of the F gene was constructed, and the 79 isolates could be divided into two genotypes, namely VIId and III. Most of the isolates proved to be of genotype VIId; only two isolates were of genotype III. Genotype VIId NDV has been the predominant pathogen responsible for most Newcastle disease outbreaks in China. The proportion of isolates of genotype VIId NDV shows an increasing trend, according to studies on the molecular epidemiology of NDV in China from 2002 to 2006.     

Evaluation of insecticidal activity of podophyllotoxin derivatives against Brontispa longissima

Twenty podophyllotoxin analogues were first tested for their insecticidal activity against the fifth-instar larvae of Brontispa longissima in vivo. Among them, compounds 6-9 and 19 showed more promising and pronounced insecticidal activity than toosendanin, a commercial insecticide derived from Melia azedarach. The different insecticidal activity ranges of compounds 1-20 indicated that variation of chemical structures in the podophyllotoxin skeleton markedly affected the activity profiles of this compound class, and some important SAR information has been revealed from it. The results obtained from SAR analysis show good correlation with the docking models as well as with QSAR studies, which allows for the rational design of more potent podophyllotoxin derivatives in the development of potential new insecticides.     

一起无兽药经营许可证经营兽药案分析

2018年3月,A省B市农业委员会接群众举报,C省某生物药品有限公司涉嫌无兽药经营许可证经营兽药。经立案调查,认定该公司违法事实存在,根据《兽药管理条例》《兽用生物制品经营管理办法》规定,依法作出"没收违法所得50 000元,罚款150 000元"的行政处罚决定。本文对该案的案件定性、违法事实认定、违法所得认定、案件调查范围及D省某生物公司库存产品的处置等内容进行了分析,并结合案情,对生产企业发证地以外经营和设立仓库应如何监管进行了思考,以期为完善兽药监管机制,严格依法行政提供参考。     

马立克氏病乌黑鸡群血清学研究

对４月龄感染了马立克氏病的２月龄－６月龄乌黑鸡群血清蛋白及血清酶的研究结果表明;２月龄～３月龄健康乌黑鸡如血清蛋白升高极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）,血清ＡＬＰ活性下降显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＡＭＳ活性下降不明显（Ｐ〉０．０５）,ＣＨＥ活性升高不明显（Ｐ〉０．０５）,４月龄感染ＭＤ后,血清蛋白显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）,而后,白脓月回升,变化均不明显（Ｐ〉０．０５）,白蛋白在５月龄再次极显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５     

水飞蓟对动物机体免疫功能的影响研究

将小鼠分为四组，分别饲喂１０％水飞蓟、２０％水飞蓟、环磷酰胺（０．０１ｇ／ｋｇ）和空白对照（常规饲料），研究对小鼠免疫功能的影响。实验结果证明，水飞蓟各剂量组能增高小鼠外周血白细胞数目（Ｐ＜０．０１、０．００１）；提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬率（Ｐ＜０．００１，０．００１）及吞噬指数（Ｐ＜０．０５、０．００１）并随剂量加大有增强的趋势；能促进小鼠淋巴细胞转化，提高淋巴细胞转化百分率（Ｐ＜０．０１、０     

草间小黑蛛对亚洲玉米螟捕食作用的研究

在实验室条件下,研究了草间小黑蛛〔Ｅｒｉｇｏｎｉｄｉｕｍｇｒａｍｉｎｉｃｏｌｕｍ（Ｓｕｎｄｅｖａｌ）〕对亚洲玉米螟〔Ｏｓｔｒｉｎｉａｆｕｒｎａｃａｌｉｓ（Ｇｕｅｎｅｅ）〕二、三龄幼虫的捕食功能反应及其寻找效应。其功能反应属Ｈｏｌｉｎｇ－Ⅱ型,相应模型为Ｎａ＝１．１４６３Ｎ／（１＋０．０２２０５Ｎ）。草间小黑蛛寻找效应和自身密度之间的关系可用Ｈａｓｓｅｌ＆Ｖａｒｌｅｙ（１９６９）模型Ｅ＝０．３９８９Ｐ－０．６３４３和Ｂｅｄｄｉｎｇｔｏｎ（１９７５）模型Ｅ＝０．３５７９／〔１＋０．３１２５（Ｐ－１）〕进行模拟。寻找效应与草间小黑蛛自身密度和玉米螟幼虫密度三者之间的关系可用Ｂｅｄｄｉｎｇｔｏｎ（１９７５）模型Ｅ＝０．３５７９／（０．６８７５＋０．００６８８６Ｎ＋０．３１２５Ｐ）进行描述,表明寻找效应（Ｅ）随草间小黑蛛密度（Ｐ）和玉米螟幼虫密度（Ｎ）的增大而下降。     

益生素、寡糖对三黄鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响

将1日龄广东三黄鸡160只，随机分成5组，即对照组，试验1组(添加0．3％的益生素)，试验2组(添加0．2％的寡糖)，试验3组(添加0．3％的益生素和0．2％的寡糖)，试验4组(添加0.2％的益生素和0．1％的寡糖)，研究益生素和寡糖对肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能的影响。结果表明：饲料中添加益生素或寡糖均能显著提高肉鸡的平均日增重、饲料转化率、免疫器官指数、白细胞吞噬率及新城疫抗体效价，降低肉鸡死亡率。寡糖的作用效果前4周较明显．而益生素4周后较明显。同时添加益生素和寡糖对提高肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能具有协同作用。     

新建与复养规模化猪场中生物安全工艺设计与改造

生物安全是猪场生产管理的关键,也是猪场搞好生产的基本保障。猪场生物安全贯穿于生产管理的各个环节,包括人员、物资、猪只、饲料、粪污等流转运输等。近两年的非洲猪瘟疫情使得很多生物安全设施和管理不健全的养殖场遭受灭顶之灾。为协助众多在疫情中遭受打击的规模养殖企业恢复生产,文章从更严格的生物安全角度出发,在传统猪场工艺设计的基础上,对猪场功能区设置、人员物料流线规划、进出场洗消设施配置等提出了一套较为完整的工艺技术方案,供养猪从业者在新建和改造猪场复养过程中参考。