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21.
Yuya Ota Kengo Matsumoto Yukinori Nakayama Tomohiro Yamakawa Teppei Ohno Ritsuko Mizobuchi Hiroyuki Sato 《Breeding Science》2021,71(4):491
Rice brown spot (BS), caused by Bipolaris oryzae, causes yield loss and deterioration of grain quality. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of BS resistance in backcross inbred lines (BILs) from a cross between an American rice cultivar, ‘Dawn’ (resistant), and ‘Koshihikari’ (susceptible). Four QTLs for BS resistance were detected in a three-year field evaluation, and ‘Dawn’ contributed the resistance alleles at all QTLs. The QTL with the greatest effect, qBSR6-kd, explained 15.1% to 20.3% of the total phenotypic variation. Although disease score and days to heading (DTH) were negatively correlated in all three years, qBSR6-kd was located near a QTL for DTH at which the ‘Dawn’ allele promoted heading. Another BS resistance QTL (qBSR3.1-kd) was unlinked to the QTLs for DTH. Therefore, these two QTLs are likely to be useful for breeding BS-resistant varieties without delaying heading. The other two BS resistance QTLs (qBSR3.2-kd and qBSR7-kd) were located near DTH QTLs at which the ‘Dawn’ alleles delayed heading. The QTLs reported here will be good candidates for developing BS-resistant cultivars. 相似文献
22.
Shiaki Takagi Lanlan Bai Tomomitsu Ozeki Hikaru Miyagi Kengo Kuroda Shunji Hayashi Hiroshi Yoneyama Tasuke Ando Emiko Isogai 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):342-346
The cathelicidin family is one of the several families of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) belongs to this family. Recently, the emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a big problem. AMPs are expected to be leading compounds of new antibiotics against drug‐resistant bacteria. In this study, we focused on the activity of BMAP‐28 against bacterial cell surfaces. First, we observed morphological change of MRSA caused by BMAP‐28 using a scanning probe microscope. We also studied activities of BMAP‐28 against adherence of S. aureus to fibronectin, collagen type I, collagen type IV. We confirmed whether BMAP‐28 can bind to lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of S. aureus. BMAP‐28 was indicated as damaging the cell surface of MRSA. In a particular range of concentrations, BMAP‐28 promoted adherence of S. aureus against fibronectin and collagens. It was revealed that BMAP‐28 and LTA of S. aureus bound with each other. Our study showed the potential of BMAP‐28 which can damage MRSA and interact with LTA of S. aureus but promote its adherence in some concentrations. This study provides new points of which to take notice when we use AMPs as medicines. 相似文献
23.
Tomohide Uno Satoru Kaji Tatsushi Goto Hiromasa Imaishi Masahiko Nakamura Kengo Kanamaru Hiroshi Yamagata Yoshio Kaminishi Takao Itakura 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,101(2):93-102
Through the use of a number of bioconversion experiments we demonstrated that P450 proteins (CYP1A9 and CYP1C1) from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) metabolized a number of herbicides and the drug phenacetin. We performed bioconversion experiments in which substrates were added directly to incubation medium. The resulting metabolites were extracted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Proteins CYP1A9 and CYP1C1 metabolized 50 nmol of the drug phenacetin to yield 12.1 and 1.1 nmol of product (acetaminophen), respectively. Further incubation of CYP1A9 with 50 nmol of the herbicides chlorotoluron, diuron, linuron, simazine, or atrazine yielded 16.5, 18.5, 7.3, 1.6, or 0.8 nmol of product, respectively. CYP1C1 also metabolized linuron, diuron, and simazine yield 5.4, 4.6, or 0.7 nmol of product, respectively. Next, polyclonal antibody was isolated by immunizing with two conjugated-peptides (amino acid residues 272–290 and 294–310) of CYP1A9. This antibody did not recognize human CYP1A2 or CYP1C1. Western blotting using the antibody revealed one band in the livers of Japanese eel and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Theses results suggest that CYP1A9 and CYP1C1 metabolize herbicides, and that CYP1A9 is an useful biomarker of contamination when detected with this antibody. 相似文献
24.
MAGARA Kengo 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2006,5(4):6-8
Carbohydrates are main compositions for wood (Menachem et al. 1991). The chemical components of poplar I-214 and Chinese fir have been reported (Huang Luohua et al. 2002; Qin Tefu et al. 2003). Through the studies of carbohydrate compositions of poplar I-214 and Chinese fir, different composition of monosaccharides can be found in both poplar I-214 and Chinese fir. 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1.1 Materials Wood samples of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lancedata) and poplar I-214 (Populus… 相似文献
25.
Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide stimulates the expression of toll‐like receptor 2 and cytokines in pig fibroblasts 下载免费PDF全文
Yijie Guo Tomokazu Fukuda Kenichiro Donai Kengo Kuroda Mizuki Masuda Shuichi Nakamura Hiroshi Yoneyama Emiko Isogai 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(2):238-244
Pigs throughout the world are afflicted with leptospirosis, causing serious economic losses and potential hazards to human health. Although it has been known that leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (L‐LPS) is involved in an immunological reaction between an antigen and a host cell, little is known about how the immune system of pigs can respond to L‐LPS. Here, we stimulated pig fibroblasts by L‐LPS and then quantitatively measured gene and protein expression levels of two toll‐like receptors (TLRs), TLR2 and TLR4, by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. As a result, expression of TLR2 was found to be significantly up‐regulated within 24 h after L‐LPS stimulation whereas induction of TLR4 expression was relatively weak. We also revealed that of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and IL‐8 gene expressions were markedly up‐regulated by L‐LPS stimulation. These results may suggest that the pig cell can activate TLR2 rather than TLR4 by L‐LPS stimulation, thereby inducing expression of cytokines. 相似文献
26.
Masaharu Kubota Osamu Tamura Yasuhiro Nomura Noriko Orihara Norihito Yamauchi Kengo Yonemoto Kenichiro Chiba Nobutaka Someya 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(2):117-120
Isolates of spinach downy mildew fungus, Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae, collected at seven sites in Japan from December 2013 to March 2016, were identified as belonging to races 8, 10, 12 and 13, and one was unauthorized. Races 10, 12, 13 and the unauthorized were first found in Japan. 相似文献
27.
Shinya?YamanakaEmail author Kohei?Magara Yasushi?Hirabayashi Toshiyuki?Fujimoto Yoshikazu?Kuga 《Wood Science and Technology》2017,51(2):297-308
More than 200,000 tons of scallop shells are disposed annually alone in Japan. Nanoparticles derived from scallop shells have the potential to adsorb gaseous formaldehyde; therefore, such discarded shells have now been tested as additive filler in plywood adhesive by mixing high specific surface area, urea-modified shell nanoparticles with a resorcinol–formaldehyde resin. With this procedure, it was found that the emission of formaldehyde from the resulting plywood could be substantially reduced. The urea-modified scallop shell nanoparticles were prepared by two different methods: (1) a dry method where the shells were treated by planetary ball-grinding under ambient conditions—a completely dried powder was obtained after addition of the surface-modifying urea solution; (2) a moist method by treating dry ground shell particles in a wet grinding process with the urea solution, followed by centrifugation to obtain a paste. The specific surface area of the nanoparticles obtained by both treatments was 42 ± 3 m2/g. Measurement of the subsequent formaldehyde emission showed that the addition of the modified scallop shell nanoparticles substantially reduced the formaldehyde emission from plywood. The reduction of the specific mass uptake of urea depends on the nanoparticles which especially was the case when resins containing nanoparticles processed by the moist method were used. 相似文献
28.
Interactions of Salinity Stress and Flower Thinning on Tomato Growth,Yield, and Water Use Efficiency
Zhang Pengfei Dai Yanyan Senge Masateru Mori Natsumi Ito Kengo 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(22):2601-2611
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of salinity stress and flower number on growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and fruit quality of cherry tomatoes cultivated under soilless conditions. The experiment was conducted in a plastic house (5-m wide × 11-m long) located in Gifu University. The seedlings were transplanted in a randomized complete block design with six plants per treatment (NT1 and ST1 were with four plants), giving a total of 44 plants in 22 pots (two plants per pot). Two different salinity levels [no-salinity and salinity with electrical conductivity: 0.8 and 3.0 dS m?1, respectively] and four flower number treatments (8, 13, 18, and free per truss) were investigated in the experiment. The results showed that salinity stress negatively affected tomato growth, yield, and marketable yield, but improved tomato fruit quality. The number of flowers had no effect on tomato growth variables and WUE, but the yield significantly increased with increasing flower number. However, the fruit quality was decreased with increased flower number. A reasonable control for fruit load can increase marketable yield in commercial cultivation. Under salinity stress conditions, properly increasing the number of flowers can avoid yield reduction. 相似文献
29.
Toshisuke Maruyama Iwao Hashimoto Masateru Senge Kengo Ito Fumikazu Noto 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(3):283-291
We investigated the use of irrigation water for a successive planting of watermelon followed by Japanese radish in a sand
dune area in the Hokuriku Region. The main results were as follows: (1) Upland field tested in the study used a large volume
of irrigation water in spite of its location in the Hokuriku Region where rainfall was plentiful. Notwithstanding this, frequent
irrigation was considered necessary. (2) Watermelon was cultivated as a Spring–Summer crop with a mean cultivation period
of 102 days, during which it was irrigated for 59 days at 1.7-day average intervals with an irrigation volume of 7.1 mm/watering
and a total irrigation volume of 428 mm over its entire growing season. The amount of rainfall during the period was 604 mm
during 42 days of rainfall. Soil moisture levels in the upland field were kept at relatively high values ranging between pF1.3
and pF1.5 at 15-cm depth with frequent irrigation during no-rainfall period. (3) Japanese radish was cultivated as a Summer–Autumn
crop with a mean cultivation period of 71 days during which it was irrigated for 39 days at 1.9-day average intervals with
an irrigation volume of 9.4 mm/watering and a total irrigation volume of 358 mm over its entire growing season. The amount
of rainfall during the period was 376 mm during 29 days of rainfall. Frequent irrigations were used to maintain the soil moisture
levels in the upland field within the range of pF1.4–pF1.6 at 15 cm depth. (4) During the irrigation period, the amount of
water used for irrigation was 5.9 mm/day in watermelon and 6.1 mm/day in Japanese radish which are greater than evapotranspiration
(ET). In addition, during pre-irrigation, the preparation of the seeding bed can be carried out at the right time which contributes
to producing high-quality Japanese radish in adequate quantity. In addition, pre-irrigation for preparation of bed for watermelon
transplanting is very important for better time management and high-quality production. For this purpose, the irrigation facilities
need to be functioning very well. 相似文献
30.
Nakamoto Y Ozawa T Katakabe K Nishiya K Mashita T Morita Y Yasuda N Ishii Y Nakaichi M Itamoto K 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(8):609-617
Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE), a disorder of rapid onset featured by nonprogressive paralysis and paresis of four legs,
shows clinical symptoms very similar to those of other disorders, e.g., disk herniation. We examined 10 animals diagnosed
with FCE based on clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a retrospective study to examine the
relationship between onset-to-diagnosis/treatment initiation time and prognosis of FCE. Statistical procedures, including
Fisher’s exact probability test, were conducted. All animals in a group, in which the diagnosis was made and treatment was
initiated after an elapse of <15 days after onset, showed improved symptoms; the group showed a positive correlation (r = 0.76)
between “onset-to-symptom improvement time” and “onset-to-diagnosis/treatment initiation time”. Furthermore, the mean onset-to-diagnosis/
treatment initiation times were 2.67 days and 10.25 days in groups without and with sequelae, respectively; the time was significantly
(P < 0.02) shorter in the group without sequelae. A significant difference was found between the groups in early diagnosis and
treatment initiation. Our study indicates that the early precise diagnosis for acutely developed paralysis and paresis of
four legs through testings including MRI, as well as the early onset of their treatment are important to obtain a favorable
prognosis. 相似文献