龟蜡蚧的生物学及其寄生性天敌调查

龟蜡蚧 Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock 是柑桔等多种经济植物的重要害虫。福建沙县一年发生二代,第一代自3月至7月,第二代从7月到翌年3月.以雌成虫和少数三龄若虫越冬.多年观察,未曾发现雄虫.行孤雌生殖。每雌平均产卵500多粒。龟蜡蚧与日本蜡蚧 Ceroplastesjapouicus Green 易于混淆,对这两种蜡蚧的形态特征和生物学上的区别作了讨论.考查得龟蜡蚧寄生性天敌8种,隶属于小蜂总科 Chalcidoidea 的蚜小蜂科 Aphelinldae、跳小蜂科 Encyrtidae、姬小蜂科 Eulophidae 和金小蜂科 Pferomalidae     

类胡萝卜素在家禽生产中的应用

类胡萝卜素广泛分布于自然界,它不仅是维生素A的前体,还是一种色素,天然与人工合成的类胡萝卜素在家禽生产上具有重大的意义。叶黄素等类胡萝卜素在家禽体内的沉积可以极大提高屠体外观和蛋黄的罗氏比色扇级数(RYCF),改善蛋黄色泽。但类胡萝卜素在动物体内的吸收受到各种因素的影响,关于类胡萝卜素的吸收机制尚存在着分歧。本文对类胡萝卜素的添加剂量及在家禽生产上的研究进展作一概要综述。     

Protective Effects of Fucoxanthin on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Calcification of Heart Valve Interstitial Cells

Cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis involve inflammatory reactions triggered by various stimuli, causing increased oxidative stress. This increased oxidative stress causes damage to the heart cells, with subsequent cell apoptosis or calcification. Currently, heart valve damage or heart valve diseases are treated by drugs or surgery. Natural antioxidant products are being investigated in related research, such as fucoxanthin (Fx), which is a marine carotenoid extracted from seaweed, with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of Fx on heart valves under high oxidative stress, as well as the underlying mechanism of action. Rat heart valve interstitial cells under H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress were treated with Fx. Fx improved cell survival and reduced oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, which was assessed by cell viability analysis and staining with propidium iodide. Alizarin Red-S analysis indicated that Fx has a protective effect against calcification. Furthermore, Western blotting revealed that Fx abrogates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via reducing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins as well as modulate Akt/ERK-related protein expression. Notably, in vivo experiments using 26 dogs treated with 60 mg/kg of Fx in combination with medical treatment for 0.5 to 2 years showed significant recovery in their echocardiographic parameters. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo results highlight the potential of Fx to protect heart valve cells from high oxidative stress-induced damage.     

柱花草炭疽病菌的鉴定及生物学特性研究

对柱花草炭疽病菌的鉴定及生物学特性测定结果表明：柱花草炭疽病菌为盘长孢状刺盘孢菌[Colletotrichumgloeosporioides（Penz）Sacc]．病菌生长温度15～36℃;适宜生长温度25～30℃;分生孢子萌发的温度6～40℃,最适萌发温度为28℃;分生孢子在饱和湿度下萌发率为83．1％,在饱和湿度加水滴中达87．9％;分生孢子的致死温度为49℃10min;病菌生长的pH值是2．5～14．0,最适pH值为6．4～7．2;病菌对碳源的利用较氮源好。     

不同土壤水分条件下尿素类型对夏玉米营养品质的影响

为了进一步探讨夏玉米品质性状的水氮调控效应,以郑单958为供试材料,于2012—2013年2个生长季在山东省微山县农业局实验站防雨棚中进行了池栽试验。研究了不同土壤水分条件下普通尿素和包膜复合肥对夏玉米籽粒品质性状的影响。试验结果表明,同一土壤水分条件下,包膜复合肥处理的夏玉米籽粒蛋白质含量和产量、粗脂肪含量和淀粉含量均显著高于不施氮处理和普通尿素处理（基施+小喇叭口期追施）。同一氮肥处理,维持土壤田间最大持水量75％时,夏玉米籽粒蛋白质产量、粗脂肪含量和淀粉含量均显著高于维持土壤田间最大持水量50％;而籽粒蛋白质含量却显著降低,但包膜复合肥处理仍高于普通尿素处理。因此,与普通尿素相比,不论在干旱或土壤水分适宜时,包膜复合肥均能明显提高籽粒蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量和淀粉含量,改善夏玉米籽粒的营养品质。      

Surface coating as a key parameter in engineering neuronal network structures in vitro

By quantitatively comparing a variety of macromolecular surface coating agents, we discovered that surface coating strongly modulates the adhesion and morphogenesis of primary hippocampal neurons and serves as a switch of somata clustering and neurite fasciculation in vitro. The kinetics of neuronal adhesion on poly-lysine-coated surfaces is much faster than that on laminin and Matrigel-coated surfaces, and the distribution of adhesion is more homogenous on poly-lysine. Matrigel and laminin, on the other hand, facilitate neuritogenesis more than poly-lysine does. Eventually, on Matrigel-coated surfaces of self-assembled monolayers, neurons tend to undergo somata clustering and neurite fasciculation. By replacing coating proteins with cerebral astrocytes, and patterning neurons on astrocytes through self-assembled monolayers, microfluidics and micro-contact printing, we found that astrocyte promotes soma adhesion and astrocyte processes guide neurites. There, astrocytes could be a versatile substrate in engineering neuronal networks in vitro. Besides, quantitative measurements of cellular responses on various coatings would be valuable information for the neurobiology community in the choice of the most appropriate coating strategy.     

蓼科杀虫植物——辣蓼

论述了辣蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)的分布、毒性、药用性、化学成分及其对昆虫的生物活性;并对辣蓼在植物源农药应用方面存在的问题及发展前景进行了一些探讨.     

高职教育专业建设中校企文化融合研究

通过对高职专业建设中融合校企文化的意义及实施途径的的分析,阐明校企文化融合对专业建设的重要性,提出专业建设各个要素中融合校企文化的实现方式。     

我国农民收入问题的现状及对策

通过分析我国农民收入问题的现状及形成原因,提出了农民增收的对策。