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31.
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不同水盐胁迫对番茄生长发育和产量的影响研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
【目的】探究番茄植株对不同水盐胁迫情景的响应,为合理制定盐碱化土壤下的灌溉制度提供科学依据。【方法】以粉欧宝番茄品种为研究对象,开展水盐对番茄生长发育影响的盆栽试验。试验采用完全随机布置,设置3个水分水平(W1-充分灌溉、W2-1/2的W1灌水量、W3-干旱复水)和2个盐分水平(S1-无盐和S2-0.3%含盐量),每个处理4个重复,测定了番茄耗水、干物质和产量指标,分析了不同水盐胁迫对番茄植株生长发育与产量的影响。【结果】与充分灌溉W1相比,W2水平的番茄植株耗水、干物质、植株含水率、叶质量、产量、单果质量显著减少。W3水平的植株耗水量和叶茎比显著减少,但单株干质量与鲜干比所受影响不大;单果鲜质量与干质量显著减小,但坐果率提高导致产量有所增加。盐分处理的番茄植株耗水量、单株干质量、鲜干比、叶茎比、果实总产量、单果鲜质量与干质量均小于无盐处理。水分胁迫显著影响叶片生长和单个果实发育,盐分胁迫抑制植株的生长发育及产量形成。【结论】干旱复水与无盐处理组合(W3S1)下番茄植株表现出了较好的生长发育状况和产量水平,可用于最优调亏灌溉制度的制定。 相似文献
33.
Päivi Mäkiranta Kari Minkkinen Jyrki Hytönen Jukka Laine 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(7):1592-1600
Partitioning soil respiration (SR) into its components, heterotrophic and rhizospheric respiration, is an important step for understanding and modelling carbon (C) cycling in organic soils. However, no partitioning studies on afforested organic soil croplands exist. We separated soil respiration originating from the decomposition of peat (SRP), and aboveground litter (SRL) and root respiration (SRR) in six afforested organic soil croplands in Finland with varying tree species and stand ages using the trenching method. Across the sites temporal variation in SR was primarily related to changes in soil surface temperature (?5 cm), which explained 71–96% of variation in SR rates. Decomposition of peat and litter was not related to changes in water table level, whereas a minor increase in root respiration was observed with the increase in water table depth. Temperature sensitivity of SR varied between the different respiration components: SRP was less sensitive to changes in soil surface temperature than SRL or SRR. Factors explaining spatial variation in SR differed between different respiration components. Annual SRP correlated positively with peat ash content while that of SRL was found to correlate positively with the amount of litter on the forest floor, separately for each tree species. Root respiration correlated positively with the biomass of ground vegetation. From the total soil respiration peat decomposition comprised a major share of 42%; the proportion of autotrophic respiration being 41% and aboveground litter 17%. Afforestation lowered peat decomposition rates. Nevertheless the effect of agricultural history can be seen in peat properties for decades and due to high peat decomposition rates these soils still loose carbon to the atmosphere. 相似文献
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以"南杂二号"黄瓜为试材,利用遮光网对黄瓜幼苗连续寡照1、3、5h,均处理3、6、9、12d,研究了寡照条件下黄瓜叶片的光合特性;并利用非直角双曲线模型、指数模型、直角双曲线模型和直角双曲线修正模型4种模型模拟光响应曲线,选择最优的模型来模拟光合参数,以期为设施黄瓜种植光照优化控制提供科学依据。结果表明:直角双曲线修正模型最佳,其次为指数模型,非直角双曲线模型,直角双曲线模型,并利用最优的直角双曲线修正模型的模拟值计算出光合参数;寡照下净光合速率、最大光合速率、光饱和点、表观量子效率、气孔导度均降低,蒸腾速率先升高后降低,光补偿点、气孔限制值升高,水分利用率先减少后增加,连续寡照1、3、5h净光合速率较对照分别降低了23.56%、45.40%、62.60%。 相似文献
36.
大兴安岭火烧迹地主要目的树种的天然更新 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
对不同火烧方式、火烧强度、林分组成、坡向、坡位、郁闭度、土壤厚度、下木盖度、地被物盖度、林龄等条件下的样地的天然更新情况进行了调查。结果表明:地表火火烧迹地的天然更新效果好于树冠火火烧迹地;中度火烧迹地好于重度火烧迹地;发生火烧的林分比未发生火烧的林分天然更新效果好。 相似文献
37.
Päivi Mäkiranta Raija Laiho Jyrki Hytönen Kari Minkkinen 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(4):695-703
Northern peatlands contain a considerable share of the terrestrial carbon (C) pool, which climate change will likely affect in the future. The magnitude of this effect, however, remains uncertain, due mainly to difficulties in predicting decomposition rates in the old peat layers. We studied the effects of water level depth (WL) and soil temperature on heterotrophic soil respiration originating from peat decomposition (RPD) in six drained peatlands using a chamber technique. The microbial community structure was determined through PLFA. Within the studied sites, temperature appeared to be the main driver of RPD. However, our results indicate that there exist mechanisms related to lower WL conditions that can tone down the effect of temperature on RPD. These mechanisms were described with a mathematical model that included the optimum WL response of RPD and the effect of average WL conditions on the temperature sensitivity of RPD. The following implications were apparent from the model parameterisation: (1) The instantaneous effect of WL on RPD followed a Gaussian form; the optimum WL for RPD was 61 cm. The tolerance of RPD to the WL, however, was rather broad, indicating that the overall effect of WL was relatively weak. (2) The temperature sensitivity of RPD depended on the average WL of the plot: plots with a high average WL showed higher temperature sensitivity than did those under drier conditions. This variation in temperature sensitivity of RPD correlated with microbial community structure. Thus, moisture stress in the surface peat layer or, alternatively, the lowered temperature sensitivity of RPD in low water level conditions via microbial community structure and biomass may restrict RPD. We conclude that a warmer future climate may raise RPD in drained peatlands only if the subsequent decrease in the moisture of the surface peat layers is minor and, thus, conditions remain favourable for decomposition. 相似文献
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Shi-xiang Zong You-qing Luo Ya-qin Cui Jian-wei Wang Wei Yan Ai-jie Liu Heliövaara Kari 《中国林学(英文版)》2009,11(1):24-27
The population density and distribution of the three major boring pests, Holcocerus artemisiae, Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. were studied in their host plant Artemisia ordosica. Results show that the larvae of H. artemisiae mainly bore the rhizome of A. ordosica, but also the larvae of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. bore the rhizome of A. tordosica. The adults of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. feed on the leaves of A. ordosica as a nutritional supplement. The distribution of the larvae of three pests in their host plant is completely different. H. artemisiae and Sphenoptera sp. are distributed in the whole A. ordosica plant. The newly hatched larvae first feed on the phloem and xylem of stem and then burrow to the roots before the winter
of the same year. However, Adosopius sp. is distributed mainly in the roots. The newly hatched larvae move from the phloem to the xylem, and gradually damage
the lower part of the trunk. The larvae of the three pests sometimes coexist in a single A. ordosica plant. However, the probability of the coexistence of the three pests is very small. The highest probability of coexistence
of two pests was observed in Sphenoptera sp. and H. artemisiae, while the probability of coexistence of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. as well as H. artemisiae and Adosopius sp. was smaller. The reasons for coexistence or its avoidance are not only related to the amount of food provided nor the
volume of larval living space in a single A. ordosica plant, but also related to the development characteristics of different kinds of larvae and interspecific competition. 相似文献